Isolation of rhodamine-positive toxins from Ochromonas and other algae

Halevy, S.; Saliternik, R.; Avivi, Lydia

doi:10.1016/0020-711x(71)90211-4

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…4). The release of antibiotic substances into the surrounding medium has been demonstrated previously for other Ochromonas strains (Jørgensen, 1962;Halevy et al, 1971;Hansen, 1973). Aquatic algae compete with bacteria for limiting nutrients, for example, phosphate, and bacteria are typically superior competitors at low nutrient concentrations (Currie & Kalff, 1984;Mindl et al, 2005).…”

Section: Effects Of Supernatants Related To Flagellate Trophic Mode Amentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The antibiotic effects of biomass or supernatants from ochromonads have mainly been tested on pathogenic strains (Jørgensen, 1962; Halevy et al ., 1971; Hansen, 1973; Chen et al ., 1994). Our results add an ecological dimension to these findings by showing growth inhibition of bacteria from different phylogenetic groups that were isolated from lake water (Table 1, Figs 2 and 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The excretion of bioactive secondary metabolites by Ochromonas sp. (Halevy et al ., 1971; Hansen, 1973) may affect aquatic organisms even when the flagellates themselves are not ingested (Boxhorn et al ., 1998). Allelochemical compounds extracted from the biomass of an Ochromonas sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibiotic effects of âthree strains of chrysophytes (Ochromonas, Poterioochromonas) on freshwater bacterial isolates

Blom

Pernthaler

2010

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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We investigated the antibiotic effects of extracts of freeze-dried biomass and culture supernatants from the mixotrophic chrysophyte species Ochromonas danica, Poterioochromonas sp. strain DS, and Poterioochromonas malhamensis on bacterial strains isolated from lake water. Methanolic biomass extracts inhibited the growth of all tested strains, albeit to a different extent, whereas aqueous biomass extracts only affected bacteria of the genus Flectobacillus. The antibiotic action of supernatants from flagellate cultures could be mostly attributed to lipophilic substances, but the growth of bacteria affiliated with Flectobacillus and Sphingobium was also affected by hydrophilic compounds. A comparison of biomass extracts from light- and dark-adapted cultures of Poterioochromonas sp. strain DS showed that the growth-inhibiting factor was unrelated to chlorophyll derivatives. Supernatants from a dark-adapted, phagotrophically grown flagellate culture had stronger antibiotic effects and affected more bacterial strains than the supernatant from a light-adapted culture. Significant growth reduction of a Flectobacillus isolate was already induced by extremely low concentrations of lipophilic extracts from these supernatants. Our results show that metabolites of the studied flagellates - either released actively or during cell lysis - may selectively affect the growth of some aquatic bacteria even in very small doses and thus potentially affect microbial community composition. Moreover, the antibiotic potential of mixotrophic chrysophytes may change with their nutritional mode.

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Section: Effects Of Supernatants Related To Flagellate Trophic Mode Amentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibiotic effects of âthree strains of chrysophytes (Ochromonas, Poterioochromonas) on freshwater bacterial isolates

Blom

Pernthaler

2010

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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“…Ochromonas spp. Certain species of Ochromonas, which is another genus of the algal family Chrysophyceae, have been found to be toxic (0. malhamensis, 0. danica, and 0. minuta) (54,55,161). Spiegelstein extracted two separate fractions from Ochromonas (150), which he labeled Ta and Tm.…”

Section: Chrysophycophytamentioning

confidence: 99%

Algal Toxins

Collins¹

1978

Microbiological Reviews

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“…In the genera Ochromonas and Poterioochromonas , adverse effects on zooplankton were reported in earlier studies (Katechakis et al ., 2005; Zhang et al ., 2011; Hiltunen et al ., 2012). Moreover, toxic compounds produced by members of these genera were also observed (Reich & Spiegelstein, 1964; Halevy, Saliternik & Avivi, 1971). Our results point out that the negative effects of chrysophytes on zooplankton cannot be generalised.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From adverse to beneficial – contrasting dietary effects of freshwater mixotrophs on zooplankton

Vad

Schneider

Fischer

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The importance of mixotrophic algae as key bacterivores in microbial food webs is increasingly acknowledged, but their effects on consumers is less understood, with previous studies having revealed contrasting results. In freshwater, this may be related to fundamental differences in the nutritional quality of two major mixotrophic groups. While cryptophytes are generally considered as high-quality food for zooplankton, chrysophytes (golden algae) are often referred to be toxic.Using four chrysophyte species, we performed a comparative study as an attempt to generalize their dietary quality by (1) revealing their stoichiometric and biochemical profiles, and (2) quantifying their dietary effects in feeding bioassays with Daphnia longispina. We compared the observed effects to a known high-quality reference food (Cryptomonas sp.) and a starvation control as a reference for potential toxicity.We found dramatic differences in survival and growth of D. longispina depending on the chrysophyte species provided as food. Even within the same genus, dietary quality ranged from deleterious to high. As this was not reflected in differences in cellular stoichiometry and fatty acid profiles, we suggest that toxicity may be the underlying mechanism.Our results suggest that the dietary effects of chrysophytes cannot be generalised. Besides, the fact that a species previously reported to be deleterious turned out to be a beneficial food source suggests that toxic effects may dynamically vary depending on environmental cues, mode of nutrition or the investigated strain.To fully understand the nutritional value of mixotrophic algae in aquatic food webs, representatives of multiple taxa need to be tested under a range of environmental conditions. This is also needed for a better predictive capability of climate change effects, as it may not only promote the dominance of mixotrophic algae, but also induce functional changes related to their nutritional quality.

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Isolation of rhodamine-positive toxins from Ochromonas and other algae

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Antibiotic effects of âthree strains of chrysophytes (Ochromonas, Poterioochromonas) on freshwater bacterial isolates

Antibiotic effects of âthree strains of chrysophytes (Ochromonas, Poterioochromonas) on freshwater bacterial isolates

Algal Toxins

From adverse to beneficial – contrasting dietary effects of freshwater mixotrophs on zooplankton

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Isolation of rhodamine-positive toxins from Ochromonas and other algae

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Antibiotic effects of âthree strains of chrysophytes (Ochromonas, Poterioochromonas) on freshwater bacterial isolates

Antibiotic effects of âthree strains of chrysophytes (Ochromonas, Poterioochromonas) on freshwater bacterial isolates

Algal Toxins

From adverse to beneficial – contrasting dietary effects of freshwater mixotrophs on zooplankton

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Antibiotic effects of âthree strains of chrysophytes (Ochromonas, Poterioochromonas) on freshwater bacterial isolates

Antibiotic effects of âthree strains of chrysophytes (Ochromonas, Poterioochromonas) on freshwater bacterial isolates