Isolation of Potentially Novel Brucella spp. from Frogs

Eisenberg, Tobias; Hamann, Hans-Peter; Kaim, Ute; Schlez, Karen; Seeger, H.; Schauerte, Nicole; Melzer, Falk; Tomaso, Herbert; Scholz, Holger C.; Koylass, Mark S.; Whatmore, Adrian M.; Zschöck, M.

doi:10.1128/aem.07509-11

Cited by 92 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Our findings suggest an environmental source of infection for the hooded seal, rather than a horizontal or vertical transmission within the species. This is in line with the discoveries of Brucella species within a broader range of host species (Scholz et al 2008, El-Tras et al 2010, Eisenberg et al 2012, Fischer et al 2012) and exposure via heretofore unexpected pathways. 106: 187-196, 2013106: 187-196, 196 Tizard I (2000 Immunity in the fetus and newborn animal.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Age-dependent prevalence of anti-Brucella antibodies in hooded seals Cystophora cristata

et al. 2013

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Investigations of hooded seals Cystophora cristata have revealed high prevalences of Brucella-positive seals in the reduced Northeast Atlantic stock, compared to the increasing Northwest Atlantic stock. This study evaluated the relation between Brucella-serostatus in seals in the Northeast Atlantic stock and age, sex, body condition and reproduction. Bacteriology documented which animals and organs were B. pinnipedialis positive. No relationship was observed between Brucella-serostatus and body condition or reproductive traits. Pups (<1 mo old) had a substantially lower probability of being seropositive (4/159, 2.5%) than yearlings (6/17, 35.3%), suggesting that exposure may occur post-weaning, during the first year of life. For seals >1 yr old, the mean probability of being seropositive decreased with age, with no seropositives older than 5 yr, indicating loss of antibody titre with either chronicity or clearance of infection. The latter explanation seems to be most likely as B. pinnipedialis has never been isolated from a hooded seal >18 mo old, which is consistent with findings in this study; B. pinnipedialis was isolated from the retropharyngeal lymph node in 1 seropositive yearling (1/21, 5%). We hypothesize that this serological and bacteriological pattern is due to environmental exposure to B. pinnipedialis early in life, with a subsequent clearance of infection. This raises the question of a reservoir of B. pinnipedialis in the hooded seal food web.KEY WORDS: Pinniped · Pups · Brucellosis · Serostatus · Bacteriology · Infection clearance · Atlantic hooded seal stock · Food web Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 106: [187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196] 2013 Greenland (NWS) (Andersen et al. 2009) and the Nordic Seas (Greenland, Norwegian and Icelandic Seas, NES) (Folkow et al. 1996(Folkow et al. , 2010.While estimates of abundance in the NWS have increased since the 1980s (Hammill & Stenson 2006), abundance of the NES appears to have decreased to only 10 to 15% of the 1946 population size, from 575 000 hooded seals in 1946 to approximately 85 000 hooded seals in 2011, and has remained stable at this low level since the 1980s (ICES 2011). Hooded seal hunts in the West Ice have been conducted since the 18th century, and after 1920 the hunt was of a significant extent. In 1958, agreements were made between Norway and the Soviet Union on time and activity restrictions on the hooded seal hunt in the West Ice, but it was not until 1971 that quotas were introduced (Bjørge 2010). The introduction of quotas did not alter the negative population development in the NES, and due to the decline of the NES, no commercial hunt has been conducted on the NES since 2007 (ICES 2011), and the hooded seal species has been classified since 2008 as 'Vulnerable' in the Red List of Threatened Species of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) (Kovacs 2008).Brucella spp. were first isolated from marine mammals in 1994 (Ross et al....

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Age-dependent prevalence of anti-Brucella antibodies in hooded seals Cystophora cristata

et al. 2013

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“…However, since 1994, several new Brucella species have been isolated from marine mammals (Foster et al, 2007) and voles (Scholz et al, 2008). More recently, several species of Brucella have been isolated from human (Scholz et al, 2010), non-human primates, foxes and frogs which determines the expanding nature of the genus (Schlabritz-Loutsevitch et al, 2009;Eisenberg et al, 2012;Hofer et al, 2012). It should, however, be noted that there are circumstances where Brucella species have been found to infect other host species in addition to their preferred host Mahmood et al / Int.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological and Nucleic Acid Based Detection of Brucellosis in Livestock Species and Molecular Characterization of Brucella melitensis Strains Isolated from Pakistan

Mahmood¹,

Waheed²,

Ali³

et al. 2016

IJAB

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This study aimed at molecular detection and characterization of Brucella spp from Pakistan. For this purpose, whole blood samples (n=167) were collected from different species of livestock and analysed at Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), United Kingdom. Samples were analysed employing Rose Bengal Test (RBT), Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA), PCR IS711 and culture examination. We found 1% (2/167) samples positive for infection by culture, 4% (7/167) by RBT, 6% (10/167) by cELISA and 21% (35/167) by PCR IS711. Results were found statistically significant using chi-square test (p-value <0.05). The blood culture positive bacterial isolations were further subjected to classical biotyping and molecular techniques for characterization and found as non-vaccine strains of Brucella melitensis. Molecular characterization using Multilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) and Variable Number of Tandem Repeat (VNTR) analysis demonstrated that although there was some similarity in the patterns generated, the isolations were distinct from each other. These isolates were not the part of geographically confined group but were representative of other B. melitensis strains found in the region stretching from southern Europe into South Asia. To our knowledge, this is the first report of molecular characterization of B. melitensis isolates from Pakistan. The molecular methods described in the present study will help to understand the disease dynamics and future brucellosis control in Pakistan.

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“…Within the last few years, potential novel species of Brucella have been isolated from various sources, including rodents (Tiller et al, 2010), different frog species (Eisenberg et al, 2012;Fischer et al, 2012;Whatmore et al, 2015), red foxes (Hofer et al, 2012) and a blue dotted ray (T. Eisenberg and H. C. Scholz, unpublished data), and are awaiting final genus affiliation. Although genome similarities of these potential novel species of Brucella are still above 90 % compared with classical species (Wattam et al, 2009;this study), the majority of these novel candidates carries genetic information not found in classical species but similar to genetic information found in other soil-living bacteria, such as Ochrobactrum, Paracoccus denitrificans, Agrobacterium and Sinorhizobium.…”

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Brucella vulpis sp. nov., isolated from mandibular lymph nodes of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes)

Scholz

Revilla‐Fernández²,

Dahouk

et al. 2016

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Two slow-growing, Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid bacteria (strains F60 T and F965), isolated in Austria from mandibular lymph nodes of two red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. In a recent study, both isolates were assigned to the genus Brucella but could not be attributed to any of the existing species. Hence, we have analysed both strains in further detail to determine their exact taxonomic position and genetic relatedness to other members of the genus Brucella. The genome sizes of F60 T and F965 were 3 236 779 and 3 237 765 bp, respectively. Each genome consisted of two chromosomes, with a DNA G+C content of 57.2 %. A genome-to-genome distance of .80 %, an average nucleotide identity (ANI) of 97 % and an average amino acid identity (AAI) of 98 % compared with the type species Brucella melitensis confirmed affiliation to the genus. Remarkably, 5 % of the entire genetic information of both strains was of non-Brucella origin, including as-yet uncharacterized bacteriophages and insertion sequences as well as ABC transporters and other genes of metabolic function from various soil-living bacteria. Core-genome-based phylogenetic reconstructions placed the novel species well separated from all hitherto-described species of the genus Brucella, forming a long-branched sister clade to the classical species of Brucella. In summary, based on phenotypic and molecular data, we conclude that strains F60 T and F965 are members of a novel species of the genus Brucella, for which the name Brucella vulpis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain F60 T (5BCCN 09-2 T 5DSM 101715 T ).Abbreviations: AAI, average amino acid identity; ANI, average nucleotide identity.The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the genome sequences (chr1 and chr2) of strains F60 T and F965 are LN997863-LN997864 and LN998033-LN998034, respectively, and can be retrieved from the European Nucleotide Archive under

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Isolation of Potentially Novel Brucella spp. from Frogs

Abstract: ABSTRACTBacterial isolates from frogs were phenotypically identified asOchrobactrum anthropi, but 16S rRNA sequencing showed up to 100% identity withBrucella inopinata. Further analysis ofrecA,omp2a,omp2b,bcsp31, and IS71… Show more

Cited by 92 publications

References 16 publications

Age-dependent prevalence of anti-Brucella antibodies in hooded seals Cystophora cristata

Age-dependent prevalence of anti-Brucella antibodies in hooded seals Cystophora cristata

Serological and Nucleic Acid Based Detection of Brucellosis in Livestock Species and Molecular Characterization of Brucella melitensis Strains Isolated from Pakistan

Brucella vulpis sp. nov., isolated from mandibular lymph nodes of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes)

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