Isolation of pathogenic Legionella species and legionella-laden amoebae in dental unit waterlines

Singh, Tanusha; Coogan, Maeve M.

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2005.05.001

Cited by 59 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…They are also in accordance with recent studies from Italy, Switzerland, and South Africa that revealed Legionella contamination rates of 33%, 24%, and 33% in samples from DUW in dental practices [1,3,18]. Our results suggest that despite the enormous technical progress of the recent decades, the risk for transmission of Legionella and other microorganisms during dental surgery is still unacceptably high in Germany.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The general problem of microbial contamination of dental unit waterlines (DUW) is well known [1][2][3]. However, the dimension of this problem in our own environment under the current conditions is less well studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the dimension of this problem in our own environment under the current conditions is less well studied. Aerosols generated during dental procedures are an important source for the transmission of Legionella and other bacterial pathogens in the dental practice [3,4]. Legionella pneumophila is the major agent of Legionnaire's disease (LD) and Pontiac fever.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial contamination of dental unit waterlines in dental practices in Hesse, Germany: A cross-sectional study

Arvand¹,

Hack²

2013

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

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The quality of water from dental units is of considerable importance since patients and dental staff are regularly exposed to water and aerosols generated from the dental unit. This study analyzed the microbial quality of water obtained for periodical monitoring from 56 dental units in different dental practices in Hesse. Contamination by Legionella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and increased total colony counts were detected in 27.8%, 3.5%, and 17% of samples. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 accounted for 28% of Legionella isolates. The Legionella concentration was >100 cfu/100 ml in 84% of contaminated samples. Samples collected from an instrument channel were more frequently contaminated by Legionella than those from cup filler (41.7% vs. 18.6%, p = 0.02).After release of these results, decontamination measures were performed in units that had revealed unsatisfactory results. The outcome of the intervention was followed-up by microbiological analysis. At follow-up, 65.2% and 72.7% of waterlines that had previously been contaminated by Legionella or had shown increased total colony counts were free of contamination.Our results show a high rate of contamination of water from dental units in dental practices in Hesse. They highlight the risk of exposure for patients and personnel and the need for effective strategies to reduce microbial contamination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial contamination of dental unit waterlines in dental practices in Hesse, Germany: A cross-sectional study

Arvand¹,

Hack²

2013

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

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“…A variety of human pathogenic bacteria including Legionella have been isolated from DUWLs, by various researchers [5,36,42,50,58]. Furthermore, non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium species [41,47], Klebsiella pneumoniae [37,57], P. aeruginosa [16,26] and S. marcescens [30,44,57] have also been identified.…”

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confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment for the Spread of Serratia marcescens Within Dental-Unit Waterline Systems Using Vermamoeba vermiformis

et al. 2015

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(2015) Risk assessment for the spread of Serratia marcescens within dental unit waterline systems using Vermamoeba vermiformis. Current Microbiology, 71 (4). pp. 434 442.It is advisable to refer to the publisher's version if you intend to cite from the work.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-015-0872-0For more information about UCLan's research in this area go to http://www.uclan.ac.uk/researchgroups/ and search for . Conflict of interest disclosure statementAll named authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.2 Title: Risk assessment for the spread of Serratia marcescens within dental-unit waterline systems using Vermamoeba vermiformis Abstract:Vermamoeba vermiformis is associated with the biofilm ecology of dental-unit waterlines (DUWLs). This study investigated whether V. vermiformis is able to act as a vector for potentially pathogenic bacteria and so aid their dispersal within DUWL systems. Clinical dental water was initially examined for Legionella species by inoculating it onto Legionella selective-medium plates. The molecular identity/profile of the glassy colonies obtained indicated none of these isolates were Legionella species. During this work bacterial colonies were identified as a non-pigmented Serratia marcescens. As the water was from a clinical DUWL which had been treated with Alpron™ this prompted the question as to whether S. marcescens had developed resistance to the biocide. Exposure to Alpron™ indicated that this dental biocide was effective, under laboratory conditions, against S. marcescens at up to 1x10 8 colony forming units/millilitre (cfu/ml). V. vermiformis was cultured for eight weeks on cells of S. marcescens and Escherichia coli. Subsequent electron microscopy showed that V.vermiformis grew equally well on S. marcescens and E. coli (p = 0.0001). Failure to detect the presence of S.marcescens within the encysted amoebae suggests that V. vermiformis is unlikely to act as a vector supporting the growth of this newly isolated, nosocomial bacterium.

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“…However, some pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria are also found: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Legionella pneumophila, Mycobacterium spp and Staphylococcus spp. (Barbeau et al, 1996;Michel and Just, 1984;Pankhurst and Coulter, 2007;Singh and Coogan, 2005;Szymanska et al, 2008). Over the last *Corresponding author.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of biofilm formation, icaADBC gene and investigation of toxin genes in Staphylococus spp. strain from dental unit waterlines, University Hospital Center (UHC) Tlemcen Algeria

Lachachi¹,

Hassaïne²,

Nayme³

et al. 2014

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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The formation of biofilms on pieces of equipment and dental chair unit waterlines has attracted more interest and concern. This study aimed to assess the reliability of two phenotypic methods used to detect the presence of biofilms and the icaADBC operon, and identify various toxin genes by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in clinical staphylococcal isolates. A total of thirty-one (31) staphylococcal strains were isolated from waterline tubings in the dental unit. Two phenotypic methods were used for the detection of biofilm production. PCR detected the presence of the ica operon, and a multiplex PCR assay for the detection of staphylococcal toxin genes was done. Biofilm production was detected in twenty-six (83.87%) isolates by tissue culture plate method (TCP). The CRA method indicated that twenty (64.51%) of these strains could produce slime. By using the ica operon test, the genotypic ability to form biofilm in was identified in fourteen (45.16%) strains. Five (16.12%) strains of Staphylococcus warneri harbored one or more toxin genes detected by PCR multiplex. The presence of ica operon gene does not always have relationship with in vitro biofilm formation and genes encoding the staphylococcal toxin. Among the strains studied, few of them had the ica operon, toxin gene, and phenotypic ability to form a biofilm at the same time.

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Isolation of pathogenic Legionella species and legionella-laden amoebae in dental unit waterlines

Cited by 59 publications

References 19 publications

Microbial contamination of dental unit waterlines in dental practices in Hesse, Germany: A cross-sectional study

Microbial contamination of dental unit waterlines in dental practices in Hesse, Germany: A cross-sectional study

Risk Assessment for the Spread of Serratia marcescens Within Dental-Unit Waterline Systems Using Vermamoeba vermiformis

Detection of biofilm formation, icaADBC gene and investigation of toxin genes in Staphylococus spp. strain from dental unit waterlines, University Hospital Center (UHC) Tlemcen Algeria

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