Isolation of Palm Tocols Using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Abstract

Crude palm oil contains 600 to 1000 ppm of tocols in the form of tocopherols and tocotrienols. These palm tocols have been isolated and analyzed in the past by various chromatographic techniques such as open column chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, as well as thin-layer chromatography. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has emerged as a more advanced chromatographic technique in recent years. The tocols present in palm oil are successfully isolated using SFC. Identification of these tocols is supported by various spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry.

Tocotrienols Concentration Using Packed Column Supercritical Fluid

“…Natural tocols comprises of eight isomers which are classified into two homologues series, the tocopherols and tocotrienols [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Tocopherols and tocotrienols in particular, have received vast amount of attention in recent years due to their health benefits.…”

“…There is yet any successfully proven method to synthesize the tocotrienols, while its natural sources are limited to a few types of oils and marine lives. Palm oil is the richest source of natural tocotrienols [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Their amount in crude palm oil (CPO), the oil obtained upon pressing of the palm fruits, ranging from 700-1000 ppm [1][2][3][4]6].…”

“…Palm oil is the richest source of natural tocotrienols [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Their amount in crude palm oil (CPO), the oil obtained upon pressing of the palm fruits, ranging from 700-1000 ppm [1][2][3][4]6]. Earlier studies documented that palm tocols consist of α-tocopherol (α-T), α-tocotrienol (α-T3), γ-tocopherol (γ-T), γ-tocotrienol (γ-T3) and δ-tocotrienol (δ-T3) [1][2][3][4]6].…”

Determination of Antioxidants in Oil Palm Leaves (Elaeis guineensis)

“…1% non-glyceride components, also known as the minor components (Goh et al, 1985;Han et al, 2004;Ng et al, 2006;2009;Choo et al, 2005). The minor components found to be present in palm oil, i.e., carotenes, tocols, squalene, coenzyme Q 10 and phospholipids, are oil soluble (Goh et al, 1985;Han et al, 2004;Ng et al, 2006;2009;Choo et al, 2005). Studies have shown that these oil soluble minor components exhibit beneficial properties such as antioxidative and anti cancer (Goh et al, 1994;Hamid et al, 1995;Kagan and Quinn, 2001;Nesaretnam et al, 1992;Sundram et al, 2003).…”

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Its Application in Lipid Isomer Separation

“…Only isomers of a-T, a-T 3 , c-T 3 , and d-T 3 were successfully separated, while the isolation of b/c pair remains challenging. Han et al [38] reported a method which could separate all eight tocol isomers (a-T, a-T 3 , b-T, b-T 3 , c-T, c-T 3 , d-T and d-T 3 ) using packed SFC. Results showed that b-T, b-T 3 , and c-T could not be resolved when using silica as stationary phase, while satisfactory separation result was obtained when using the diol column.…”