Isolation of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) from Household Water and Shower Aerosols in Patients with Pulmonary Disease Caused by NTM

Thomson, Rachel; Tolson, Carla; Carter, Robyn; Coulter, Chris; Huygens, Flavia; Hargreaves, Megan

doi:10.1128/jcm.00899-13

Cited by 188 publications

(141 citation statements)

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“…Rep-PCR (DiversiLab system; bioMérieux, France) is a commercially available, high-throughput, automated system for typing of multiple Mycobacterium species based on the variability generated by repetitive sequences interspersed within the genome (409). This procedure involves the amplification of repetitive, noncoding sequences and their separation using microfluidic electrophoresis over a chip.…”

Section: Methods Based On Repetitive Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological and Clinical Aspects of the Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteria

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYMolecular typing has revolutionized epidemiological studies of infectious diseases, including those of a mycobacterial etiology. With the advent of fingerprinting techniques, many traditional concepts regarding transmission, infectivity, or pathogenicity of mycobacterial bacilli have been revisited, and their conventional interpretations have been challenged. Since the mid-1990s, when the first typing methods were introduced, a plethora of other modalities have been proposed. So-called molecular epidemiology has become an essential subdiscipline of modern mycobacteriology. It serves as a resource for understanding the key issues in the epidemiology of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases. Among these issues are disclosing sources of infection, quantifying recent transmission, identifying transmission links, discerning reinfection from relapse, tracking the geographic distribution and clonal expansion of specific strains, and exploring the genetic mechanisms underlying specific phenotypic traits, including virulence, organ tropism, transmissibility, or drug resistance. Since genotyping continues to unravel the biology of mycobacteria, it offers enormous promise in the fight against and prevention of the diseases caused by these pathogens. In this review, molecular typing methods forMycobacterium tuberculosisand nontuberculous mycobacteria elaborated over the last 2 decades are summarized. The relevance of these methods to the epidemiological investigation, diagnosis, evolution, and control of mycobacterial diseases is discussed.

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Section: Methods Based On Repetitive Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological and Clinical Aspects of the Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteria

et al. 2016

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“…Contamination is assumed to occur from an environmental reservoir (16); however, person-to-person transmission cannot be ruled out. M. abscessus is supposed to be present in water and soils, but it was only recently isolated from potable and municipal water (17)(18)(19).…”

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confidence: 99%

Clonal Relationship and Differentiation among Mycobacterium abscessus Isolates as Determined Using the Semiautomated Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic Sequence PCR-Based DiversiLab System

et al. 2014

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g Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing mycobacterium that causes respiratory tract infections in predisposed patients, such as those with cystic fibrosis and nosocomial skin and soft tissue infections. In order to investigate the clonal relationships between the strains causing epidemic episodes, we evaluated the discriminatory power of the semiautomated DiversiLab (DL) repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence PCR (REP-PCR) test for M. abscessus genotyping. Since M. abscessus was shown to be composed of subspecies (M. abscessus subsp. massiliense, M. abscessus subsp. bolletii, and M. abscessus subsp. abscessus), we also evaluated the ability of this technique to differentiate subspecies. The technique was applied to two collections of clinical isolates, (i) 83 M. abscessus original isolates (43 M. abscessus subsp. abscessus, 12 M. abscessus subsp. bolletii, and 28 M. abscessus subsp. massiliense) from infected patients and (ii) 35 repeated isolates obtained over 1 year from four cystic fibrosis patients. The DL REP-PCR test was standardized for DNA extraction, DNA amplification, and electrophoresis pattern comparisons. Among the isolates from distinct patients, 53/83 (62%) isolates showed a specific pattern, and 30 were distributed in 11 clusters and 6 patterns, with 2 to 4 isolates per pattern. The clusters and patterns did not fully correlate with multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis results. This revealed a high genomic diversity between patients, with a discriminatory power of 98% (Simpson's diversity index). However, since some isolates shared identical patterns, this raises the question of whether it is due to transmission between patients or a common reservoir. Multiple isolates from the same patient showed identical patterns, except for one patient infected by two strains. Between the M. abscessus subspecies, the indexes were <70%, indicating that the DL REP-PCR test is not an accurate tool for identifying organisms to the subspecies level. REP-PCR appears to be a rapid genotyping method that is useful for investigating epidemics of M. abscessus infections. Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging pathogen responsible for lung disease, most often in predisposed patients, such as those with cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1, 2), and it has also been described in patients without compromised lung defense (3). M. abscessus is among the top five mycobacteria responsible for respiratory tract infections. It represents half of the infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and 95% of infections due to rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) in patients with cystic fibrosis in France (4). M. abscessus infections may lead to a rapid decline in respiratory function, and relapses are observed in patients who have undergone organ transplants (5-7). M. abscessus is also responsible for extrapulmonary infections in immunocompetent patients with outbreaks, related to surgical and cosmetic procedures, reported in various countries (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(1...

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“…NTM have been isolated from drinking water pipelines (Thomson et al, 2013b, Torvinen et al, 2004, water tanks (Tuffley and Holbeche, 1980), hot tubs (Mangione et al, 2001), residential faucets (Slosarek et al, 1993, Thomson et al, 2013a, hospital faucets and ice machines (Cooksey et al, 2008, Galassi et al, 2003, diagnostic laboratories (Chang et al, 2002), bottled and municipal water, commercial and hospital ice (Covert et al, 1999), potting soil (De Groote et al, 2006), house dust (Dawson, 1971, Torvinen et al, 2010, water damaged building materials (Torvinen et al, 2006), showerheads (Falkinham III et al, 2008), shower aerosols (Thomson et al, 2013a), hot-tub aerosols (Mangione et al, 2001), coniferous forest soils (Iivanainen et al, 1997), brook waters (Iivanainen et al, 1993), cigarettes (Eaton et al, 1995), livestock (Leite et al, 2003), coastal mosses (Schröder et al, 1992) and seawater (Gruft et al, 1979). Reports span multiple countries (including the USA, Australia, the UK, France, the Netherlands, Denmark, Czechoslovakia, Italy, Finland, Germany, Madagascar, Tanzania, Taiwan, Japan and Korea) and climates.…”

Section: 2) Ntm Are Common In Many Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most studied are hot-tub use (Kahana et al, 1997, Lumb et al, 2004, Mangione et al, 2001, showering (Cooksey et al, 2008, Falkinham III et al, 2008, Thomson et al, 2013a, faucet use (McSwiggan and Collins, 1974, Nishiuchi et al, 2007, Shin et al, 2007 and gardening (De Groote et al, 2006). These sources have been investigated by studies matching NTM strains between patient and the environment.…”

Section: 52) Patient Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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“Environmental transmission factors and host genetic polymorphisms influencing NTM infection in patients with no overt immunodeficiency”

Halstrom¹

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Pulmonary disease associated with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is a poorly understood and difficult to treat condition. It is an increasingly common problem in a subset of older individuals, with NTM lung disease now reported more frequently than tuberculosis in Australia.Environmental exposure appears to be the primary route for pulmonary NTM infection, but specific risk factors remain poorly determined. A large subset of patients with pulmonary NTM disease appears to be immunocompetent, but the existence of an as yet unidentified deficiency in these patients' immune response to NTM infection may influence their risk of infection.This thesis begins with a review of the evidence that pathogenic species of NTM have been isolated from drinking water distribution systems, soil and house dust, so exposure may be very common. A defect in immune response appears critical to the development of disease. Ways by which genetic make-up may predispose some individuals to pulmonary NTM disease were addressed. This involved investigations of polymorphic alleles across IL10 and a group of three novel genes P2X4R, P2X7R and CAMKK2.

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Isolation of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) from Household Water and Shower Aerosols in Patients with Pulmonary Disease Caused by NTM

Cited by 188 publications

References 20 publications

Methodological and Clinical Aspects of the Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteria

Methodological and Clinical Aspects of the Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteria

Clonal Relationship and Differentiation among Mycobacterium abscessus Isolates as Determined Using the Semiautomated Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic Sequence PCR-Based DiversiLab System

“Environmental transmission factors and host genetic polymorphisms influencing NTM infection in patients with no overt immunodeficiency”

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