Isolation of Machupo Virus from Wild Rodent Calomys callosus

Johnson, Karl M.; Kuns, M. L.; Mackenzie, R. B.; Webb, P. A.; Yunker, Conrad E.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1966.15.103

Cited by 87 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…Machupo virus is the etiologic agent of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever (BHF), a disease clinically similar to Argentine hemorrhagic fever caused by JUNV (10,(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). The primary route of MACV exposure is believed to be through contact with aerosolized excretions and secretions from the rodent reservoir, Calomys callosus (9,20,21). Nosocomial transmission of MACV has also been identified following close contact with individuals suffering from the illness (16,22).…”

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confidence: 99%

Rescue of a Recombinant Machupo Virus from Cloned cDNAs and In Vivo Characterization in Interferon (αβ/γ) Receptor Double Knockout Mice

Patterson

Seregin

Huang

et al. 2014

J Virol

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Machupo virus (MACV) is the etiological agent of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever (BHF), a reemerging and neglected tropical disease associated with high mortality. The prototypical strain of MACV, Carvallo, was isolated from a human patient in 1963, but minimal in vitro and in vivo characterization has been reported. To this end, we utilized reverse genetics to rescue a pathogenic MACV from cloned cDNAs. The recombinant MACV (rMACV) had in vitro growth properties similar to those of the parental MACV. Both viruses caused similar disease development in alpha/beta and gamma interferon receptor knockout mice, including neurological disease development and high mortality. In addition, we have identified a novel murine model with mortality and neurological disease similar to BHF disease reported in humans and nonhuman primates.

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confidence: 99%

Rescue of a Recombinant Machupo Virus from Cloned cDNAs and In Vivo Characterization in Interferon (αβ/γ) Receptor Double Knockout Mice

Patterson

Seregin

Huang

et al. 2014

J Virol

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“…15,18,23,32 Virus is spread through aerosolization of excreta or from direct contact with infected rodent urine, saliva, or blood. Outbreaks of BHF often coincide with the annual grain harvest that occurs between April and July in northeast Bolivia.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This reclusive virus first appeared on the Bolivian savannah in 1959 and was subsequently isolated from a fatal human case in 1963 and named BHF after the location where it first occurred. 7,[14][15][16][17][18][19]22 Between 1959 and 1962, 470 cases were reported in the northeast corner of Bolivia, and a second series of outbreaks transpired between 1962 and 1964, resulting in around 1000 cases and 180 deaths. 7,23 No cases of BHF were reported between 1976 and 1993, but an outbreak in 1994 consisting of 19 cases was the first in a recent string of sporadic outbreaks culminating in 20 cases in 2007 and more than 200 in 2008.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever in Guinea Pigs

et al. 2015

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Machupo virus, the cause of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, is a highly lethal viral hemorrhagic fever with no Food and Drug Administration-approved vaccines or therapeutics. This study evaluated the guinea pig as a model using the Machupo virusChicava strain administered via aerosol challenge. Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) were serially sampled to evaluate the temporal progression of infection, gross and histologic lesions, and sequential changes in serum chemistry and hematology. The incubation period was 5 to 12 days, and complete blood counts revealed leukopenia with lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia. Gross pathologic findings included congestion and hemorrhage of the gastrointestinal mucosa and serosa, noncollapsing lungs with fluid exudation, enlarged lymph nodes, and progressive pallor and friability of the liver. Histologic lesions consisted of foci of degeneration and cell death in the haired skin, liver, pancreas, adrenal glands, lymph nodes, tongue, esophagus, salivary glands, renal pelvis, small intestine, and large intestine. Lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia was also present. Inflammation within the central nervous system, interpreted as nonsuppurative encephalitis, was histologically apparent approximately 16 days postexposure and was generally progressive. Macrophages in the tracheobronchial lymph node, on day 5 postexposure, were the first cells to demonstrate visible viral antigen. Viral antigen was detected throughout the lymphoid system by day 9 postexposure, followed by prominent spread within epithelial tissues and then brain. This study provides insight into the course of Machupo virus infection and supports the utility of guinea pigs as an additional animal model for vaccine and therapeutic development.

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“…Machupo virus (MACV), isolated from a patient with Machupo/Bolivian hemorrhagic fever in 1963 [72], was also found to be antigenically closely Past, present, and future of arenavirus taxonomy 1853 related to JUNV by complement fixation tests [140]. In nature, MACV was found to be carried by big lauchas (Calomys callosus) [73]. In the following years, the "Tacaribe antigenic group" expanded to include additional newly discovered viruses: Amaparí (AMAV) [109], Latino (LATV, first mentioned in reference [101]), Paraná (PARV) [139], Pichindé (PICV) [133], and Tamiami viruses (TAMV) [36].…”

Section: Past Developments In Arenavirus Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Past, present, and future of arenavirus taxonomy

et al. 2015

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Until recently, members of the monogeneric family Arenaviridae (arenaviruses) have been known to infect only muroid rodents and, in one case, possibly phyllostomid bats. The paradigm of arenaviruses exclusively infecting small mammals shifted dramatically when several groups independently published the detection and isolation of a divergent group of arenaviruses in captive alethinophidian snakes. Preliminary phylogenetic analyses suggest that these reptilian arenaviruses constitute a sister clade to mammalian arenaviruses. Here, the members of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Arenaviridae Study Group, together with other experts, outline the taxonomic reorganization of the family Arenaviridae to accommodate reptilian arenaviruses and other recently discovered mammalian arenaviruses and to improve compliance with the Rules of the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature (ICVCN). PAirwise Sequence Comparison (PASC) of arenavirus genomes and NP amino acid pairwise distances support the modification of the present classification. As a result, the current genus Arenavirus is replaced by two genera, Mammarenavirus and Reptarenavirus, which are established to accommodate mammalian and reptilian arenaviruses, respectively, in the same family. The current species landscape among mammalian arenaviruses is upheld, with two new species added for Lunk and Merino Walk viruses and minor corrections to the spelling of some names. The published snake arenaviruses are distributed among three new separate reptarenavirus species. Finally, a non-Latinized binomial species name scheme is adopted for all arenavirus species. In addition, the current virus abbreviations have been evaluated, and some changes are 123Arch Virol (2015) 160:1851-1874 DOI 10.1007/s00705-015-2418 introduced to unequivocally identify each virus in electronic databases, manuscripts, and oral proceedings.

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Isolation of Machupo Virus from Wild Rodent Calomys callosus

Cited by 87 publications

References 0 publications

Rescue of a Recombinant Machupo Virus from Cloned cDNAs and In Vivo Characterization in Interferon (αβ/γ) Receptor Double Knockout Mice

Rescue of a Recombinant Machupo Virus from Cloned cDNAs and In Vivo Characterization in Interferon (αβ/γ) Receptor Double Knockout Mice

Pathogenesis of Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever in Guinea Pigs

Past, present, and future of arenavirus taxonomy

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