Isolation of LUMINIDEPENDENS: a gene involved in the control of flowering time in Arabidopsis.

Lee, Ilha; Aukerman, Milo J.; Gore, Sherrie L.; Lohman, Karin N.; Michaels, Scott D.; Weaver, Louis M.; John, Maliyakal E.; Feldmann, Kenneth A.; Amasino, Richard M.

doi:10.1105/tpc.6.1.75

Cited by 269 publications

(219 citation statements)

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“…FRI-Col (Lee et al, 1994b), fca-9 , fld-3 , fve-4 and FRI-co (Michaels and Amasino, 2001), ld-1 (Lee et al, 1994a), gi-2 (Park et al, 1999), ft-1 in Col, tsf, and soc1 , co (SAIL24H04) (Kim and Michaels, 2006), and phyA-211, phyB-9, cry1-304, and cry2-1 (Mockler et al, 2003) have been described previously. flk (SALK_112850) was obtained from the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of CONSTANS and FLOWERING LOCUS T Expression in Response to Changing Light Quality

Kim¹,

Yu²,

Michaels³

2008

Plant Physiol.

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In addition to pathways that regulate flowering in response to environmental signals such as photoperiod or cold temperatures (vernalization), flowering time is also regulated by light quality. In many species, far-red (FR) light is known to accelerate flowering. This is environmentally significant because leaves absorb more red light than FR light; thus, plants growing under a canopy experience light that is enriched in FR light. In this article, we have explored the promotion of flowering by FRenriched light (FREL) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Previous work has shown that the floral promoter CONSTANS (CO) plays a critical role in day-length perception and exhibits complex regulation; CO mRNA is regulated by the circadian clock and CO protein is stabilized by light and degraded in darkness. We find that plants grown under FREL contain higher levels of CO mRNA in the early part of the day than plants under white light. Furthermore, transgenic plants expressing CO under the control of a constitutive promoter accumulate higher levels of CO protein under FREL, indicating that FREL can increase CO protein levels independently of transcription. Consistent with the model that FREL promotes flowering through CO, mutants for co or gigantea, which are required for CO transcript accumulation, are relatively insensitive to FREL. Because the red:FR ratios used in these experiments are in the range of what plants would experience under a canopy, these results indicate that the regulation of CO by light quality likely plays a key role in the regulation of flowering time in natural environments.

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Section: Plant Materials and Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of CONSTANS and FLOWERING LOCUS T Expression in Response to Changing Light Quality

Kim¹,

Yu²,

Michaels³

2008

Plant Physiol.

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“…Thus, FLC integrates flowering signals from the vernalization and autonomous pathways. Molecular identification of several genes in the autonomous pathway suggested potential roles as regulators of FLC expression based on the function assigned to the deduced proteins [9][10][11][12] . But this information has not provided an understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of FLC expression.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of flowering time by FVE, a retinoblastoma-associated protein

et al. 2004

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The initiation of flowering in plants is controlled by environmental and endogenous signals 1,2 . Molecular analysis of this process in Arabidopsis thaliana indicates that environmental control is exerted through the photoperiod and vernalization pathways, whereas endogenous signals regulate the autonomous and gibberellin pathways. The vernalization and autonomous pathways converge on the negative regulation of FLC 3,4 , a gene encoding a MADS-box protein that inhibits flowering 3,4 . We cloned FVE, a component of the autonomous pathway that encodes AtMSI4, a putative retinoblastomaassociated protein. FVE interacted with retinoblastoma protein in immunoprecipitation assays, and FLC chromatin was enriched in acetylated histones in fve mutants. We conclude that FVE participates in a protein complex repressing FLC transcription through a histone deacetylation mechanism. Our data provide genetic evidence of a new developmental function of these conserved proteins and identify a new genetic mechanism in the regulation of flowering. shown in the upper part, capital letters correspond to the wild-type or mutated nucleotides. In the protein schematic, gray boxes represent WD repeats, the narrow black box represents a putative nuclear localization signal and the asterisk indicates a putative retinoblastoma-binding motif.

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“…The three genes were CBP20, encoding the 20-kD cap binding protein (Kmieciak et al, 2002), GSH2, encoding glutathione synthetase (Wang and Oliver, 1996), and LD, encoding the LUMINIDEPENDENS protein (Lee et al, 1994). The U12 intron from the CBP20 gene is 134 bp long and is the fourth of eight introns in the CBP20 gene.…”

Section: Isolation Of Three Different Plant U12-type Intronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Plant U12-Dependent Intron Splicing Efficiency

Lewandowska

Simpson²,

Clark³

et al. 2004

Plant Cell

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Factors affecting splicing of plant U12-dependent introns have been examined by extensive mutational analyses in an in vivo tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) protoplast system using introns from three different Arabidopsis thaliana genes: CBP20, GSH2, and LD. The results provide evidence that splicing efficiency of plant U12 introns depends on a combination of factors, including UA content, exon bridging interactions between the U12 intron and flanking U2-dependent introns, and exon splicing enhancer sequences (ESEs). Unexpectedly, all three plant U12 introns required an adenosine at the upstream purine position in the branchpoint consensus UCCUURAUY. The exon upstream of the LD U12 intron is a major determinant of its higher level of splicing efficiency and potentially contains two ESE regions. These results suggest that in plants, U12 introns represent a level at which expression of their host genes can be regulated. INTRODUCTIONPre-mRNA splicing in eukaryotes is a fundamental step in gene expression and represents an important level at which the expression of protein-coding genes can be regulated (Reed, 2000;Smith and Valcá rcel, 2000;Graveley, 2001;Hastings and Krainer, 2001;Cartegni et al., 2002;Black, 2003). In higher eukaryotes, there are two classes of nuclear pre-mRNA introns. The most abundant class consists of U2-dependent introns (U2 introns), whereas the second rarer class (<0.4% of introns) consists of U12-dependent introns (U12 introns). U12 introns have been found in the nuclear genomes of vertebrates, plants, and insects (Hall and Padgett, 1994;Sharp and Burge, 1997;Tarn and Steitz, 1997; Krainer, 1998, 1999;Burge et al., 1998;Levine and Durbin, 2001;Patel and Steitz, 2003). Introns belonging to these two distinct classes are spliced by two different spliceosomes: the major U2-type spliceosome and the less abundant U12-type spliceosome (Hall and Padgett, 1996;Tarn and Steitz 1996a. Although the first U12 introns to be described had AT-AC-terminal dinucleotides, the majority of U12-type introns contain GT-AG, and a small number contain other noncanonical terminal dinucleotides, such as AT-AA, AT-AG, AT-AT, GT-AT, or GT-GG (Jackson, 1991;Hall and Padgett, 1994;Dietrich et al., 1997Dietrich et al., , 2001aSharp and Burge, 1997;Burge et al., 1998;Wu and Krainer, 1999;Levine and Durbin, 2001;Zhu and Brendel, 2003). Moreover, functional analyses have shown that AT-AC-terminal dinucleotides are not a defining feature of U12 introns (Dietrich et al., 1997(Dietrich et al., , 2001a. Instead, U12 introns contain highly conserved sequences in the 59 splice site (exon:G/ATATCCTY) and branchpoint region (TCCTTRAY) (Hall and Padgett, 1994;Sharp and Burge, 1997;Burge et al., 1998), which are both required for prespliceosome complex formation (Frilander and Steitz, 1999). The 39 splice site consensus sequence of U12 introns (YAC/G:exon) is less informative than their 59 splice site and branchpoint sequences. U12 introns also lack a polypyrimidine tract and have a short distance between the branchpoint and 39 splice si...

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Isolation of LUMINIDEPENDENS: a gene involved in the control of flowering time in Arabidopsis.

Cited by 269 publications

References 28 publications

Regulation of CONSTANS and FLOWERING LOCUS T Expression in Response to Changing Light Quality

Regulation of CONSTANS and FLOWERING LOCUS T Expression in Response to Changing Light Quality

Regulation of flowering time by FVE, a retinoblastoma-associated protein

Determinants of Plant U12-Dependent Intron Splicing Efficiency

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