Isolation of Leishmania tropica from a Patient with Visceral Leishmaniasis and Disseminated Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Southern Iran

Alborzi, Abdolvahab; Pouladfar, Gholamreza; Fakhar, Mahdi; Motazedian, Mohammad Hossein; Hatam, Gholam Reza; Kadivar, Mohammad

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2008.79.435

Cited by 47 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Leishmania tropica also may be a causative agent in some parts of the world. Leishmania tropica was first reported in Iran in 2006, and other reports occurred thereafter (13,14). Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum also can cause cutaneous leishmaniasis.…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral Leishmaniasis: An Update and Literature Review

Karimi

Alborzi

Amanati

2016

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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Context: Leishmania is a pathogen that infects mononuclear phagocytes in which they establish chronic intracellular parasitism and survive for the infected person's lifetime. Untreated cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) could cause death within two years. Along with known complications of VL, co-infection of Leishmania with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is becoming more frequent, with important clinical, diagnostic, chemotherapeutic, epidemiologic, and economic implications. This review attempts to provide updated information about diagnosis and treatment of VL. Evidence Acquisition: In this narrative review, recent published sources of information on leishmaniasis consisting of books and articles have been reviewed. This review focuses on VL. Results: The outcome of infection depends on the host, the Leishmania species, and co-morbidities or co-infections. Disease manifestation may range from asymptomatic carrier to fatal disease. The development of a sensitive and rapid antigen detection test for relapse detection and also for cure remains an important aspect in diagnosis. Conclusions: Development of novel drugs and diagnostic tests has allowed us to better manage VL. Although leishmaniasis is one of the oldest known parasitic infectious diseases, increasing prevalence of VL among specific populations, recent reports of disease reactivation and flare-up in clinically asymptomatic patients after the onset of immunosuppressive therapy, the risk of disease acquisition by tourists in endemic areas (e.g., the Mediterranean eara), and difficulties in prevention and controlling disease (i.e., given the diversity and distribution of vectors and reservoirs), leishmaniasis has again attracted researchers' attention. Concerning reports of treatment failure and drug resistance are also new challenges in management of this parasitic disease in endemic areas.

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Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral Leishmaniasis: An Update and Literature Review

Karimi

Alborzi

Amanati

2016

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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“…Similarly to L. major , L. tropica causes cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans. Moreover, L. tropica was also reported to visceralize and cause an initially not understood systemic illness in veterans returning from endemic areas in the Middle East [10], as well as the classical visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in India [11], and the disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis accompanied with visceral leishmaniasis in Iran [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of Host Response to Leishmania tropica in Mice – Different Control of Skin Pathology, Chemokine Reaction, and Invasion into Spleen and Liver

Kobets

Havelková²,

Grekov³

et al. 2012

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundLeishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of genus Leishmania. The frequent involvement of Leishmania tropica in human leishmaniasis has been recognized only recently. Similarly as L. major, L. tropica causes cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans, but can also visceralize and cause systemic illness. The relationship between the host genotype and disease manifestations is poorly understood because there were no suitable animal models.MethodsWe studied susceptibility to L. tropica, using BALB/c-c-STS/A (CcS/Dem) recombinant congenic (RC) strains, which differ greatly in susceptibility to L. major. Mice were infected with L. tropica and skin lesions, cytokine and chemokine levels in serum, and parasite numbers in organs were measured.Principal FindingsFemales of BALB/c and several RC strains developed skin lesions. In some strains parasites visceralized and were detected in spleen and liver. Importantly, the strain distribution pattern of symptoms caused by L. tropica was different from that observed after L. major infection. Moreover, sex differently influenced infection with L. tropica and L. major. L. major-infected males exhibited either higher or similar skin pathology as females, whereas L. tropica-infected females were more susceptible than males. The majority of L. tropica-infected strains exhibited increased levels of chemokines CCL2, CCL3 and CCL5. CcS-16 females, which developed the largest lesions, exhibited a unique systemic chemokine reaction, characterized by additional transient early peaks of CCL3 and CCL5, which were not present in CcS-16 males nor in any other strain.ConclusionComparison of L. tropica and L. major infections indicates that the strain patterns of response are species-specific, with different sex effects and largely different host susceptibility genes.

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“…Limited clinical data suggest that miltefosine may be a viable alternative for CL caused by L. tropica . [20][21][22][23] Miltefosine was used to successfully treat two patients with CL caused by L. infantum chagasi lesions acquired in Spain and El Salvador. Miltefosine has been shown to have potent leishmanicidal activity and has been used safely and effectively in the treatment of over 2,500 patients with diffuse CL, mucosal disease, and visceral disease.…”

Section: -56mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Species-Specific Approach to the Use of Non-Antimony Treatments for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Ramanathan

Talaat

Fedorko

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Isolation of Leishmania tropica from a Patient with Visceral Leishmaniasis and Disseminated Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Southern Iran

Abstract: We report a case visceral leishmaniasis with disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica in southern Iran. Typing of this parasite was performed by a species-specific polymerase chain reaction and isoenzyme electrophoresis.

Cited by 47 publications

References 8 publications

Visceral Leishmaniasis: An Update and Literature Review

Visceral Leishmaniasis: An Update and Literature Review

Genetics of Host Response to Leishmania tropica in Mice – Different Control of Skin Pathology, Chemokine Reaction, and Invasion into Spleen and Liver

A Species-Specific Approach to the Use of Non-Antimony Treatments for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

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