Isolation of Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum Producing C30 Carotenoid 4,4��-Diaponeurosporene and the Assessment of Its Antioxidant Activity

Abstract

Carotenoids are natural pigments widespread in plants, some animals, fungi, and photosynthetic or nonphotosynthetic bacteria [1]. Their antioxidant activities have also been extensively studied [2]. Carotenoids have interesting biological functions including antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-obesity effects and are widely used in foods, nutraceuticals, and the feed industry [3]. Structurally, carotenoids can be divided into carotenes (e.g., α-/βcarotene and lycopene) and xanthophylls (e.g., lutein, zeaxanthin, fucoxanthin, and astaxanthin) [3]. Several types of carotenoids are produced by microorganisms. The yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (Phaffia rhodozyma) produces astaxanthin [4], and microalgae produce lutein [5]. The fungus Blakeslea trispora has been reported to produce β-carotene and lycopene [6]. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a type of gram-positive bacteria that are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and have had diverse applications in fermentation of various foods for many centuries [7, 8]. LAB exhibit microaerophilic or facultative anaerobic growth characteristics owing to their lack of catalase expression and inability to remove free radicals [8]. To overcome this problem, LAB produce various antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase and thioredoxin reductase [8, 9]. Moreover, LAB are known to produce carotenoids as a strategy for eliminating reactive oxygen species [10, 11]. The yellow pigment produced by

Functional diversity of isoprenoid lipids in Methylobacterium extorquens PA1

“…H 2 O 2 , however, resulted in a significantly larger zone of inhibition for ∆crtN and to a lesser extent ∆crtP mutant strains (Figure 4d), which is consistent with an antioxidant role for carotenoids against oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species in the membrane (Kim et al, 2019;Kumar et al, 2019). In contrast, both hopanoiddeficient strains ∆shc and ∆hpnE exhibited higher sensitivity to all antibiotics tested.…”

Oxidative stress tolerance and antioxidant capacity of lactic acid bacteria as probiotic: a systematic review

“…Lactobacillus pentosus KCCP11226 harbors C 30 carotenoid biosynthetic genes ( crtM and crtN ), shows high carotenoid production and survival under oxidative stress, and is considered a functional probiotic. 141 Notably, aerobic growth conditions, while slowing down growth, significantly induced carotenoid production in Enterococcus gilvus, 142 which indicated that aerobic culture conditions may contribute to conferring oxidative stress tolerance in carotenoid-producing LAB. Further research revealed that aerobic growth conditions not only affected crtN and crtM expression, but also the biosynthesis of the carotenoid precursor isoprenoid via mevalonate in E. gilvus .…”

Biomarkers and Utility of the Antioxidant Potential of Probiotic Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria as Representatives of the Human Gut Microbiota

“…This strain demonstrated the highest survival when exposed to OS, and the highest ability to scavenge DPPH free radicals. Carotenoid production in the strain was increased following exposure to 7 mM H 2 O 2 [150].…”