Isolation of Intrinsic and Motor Mechanism of the Monkey's Spinal Cord

Tower, Sarah S.; Bodian, David; Howe, Howard A.

doi:10.1152/jn.1941.4.5.388

Cited by 48 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The D3-DlO spinal cord was removed, pinned out in a dish of Sylgard to maintain its morphology, and postfixed for 2 ing and descending propriospinal axons are found predominantly or exclusively in fasciculi proprii immediately adjacent to the gray matter (see Discussion). This view is based on interpretations (Nathan and Smith, 1959;Brodal, 1981) of experiments (Tower, 1937;Tower et al, 1941) in which the lumbosacral spinal cord of a dog or monkey was isolated by dorsal root and spinal cord transections. After a few weeks or months, the locations of the remaining funicular fibers were assessed to determine the normal locations of propriospinal axons.…”

Section: Histological Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descending propriospinal axons in the hindlimb enlargement of the red‐eared turle: Cells of origin and funicular courses

Berkowitz¹,

Stein²

1994

J of Comparative Neurology

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Spinal neurons with descending axons are important components of spinal sensorimotor networks. We used an anatomical tracing technique to study the distribution of descending propriospinal axons and cell bodies in red-eared turtles. We injected horseradish peroxidase into a portion of one funiculus in the middle of the hindlimb enlargement and examined six spinal segments rostral to the injection site (dorsal 3 through dorsal 8) for labeled neuronal cell bodies. Injections into each region of the white matter labeled substantial numbers of descending propriospinal neurons. Each injection labeled cell bodies over most of the six spinal segments examined. Each injection also labeled cell bodies in the ipsilateral dorsal horn, intermediate zone, and ventral horn as well as the contralateral intermediate zone and ventral horn. Injections into each of four regions of the white matter, the dorsal funiculus, the medial part of the lateral funiculus, the lateral part of the lateral funiculus, and the ventral funiculus reliably gave rise to a distinct distribution of labeled cell bodies. These experiments establish that descending propriospinal axons in red-eared turtles are found in all regions of the spinal white matter. This finding contrasts with a popular contemporary view of the organization of descending propriospinal axons in mammals. These experiments also demonstrate that neurons in each region of the gray matter give rise to a different distribution of descending, funicular axons, although these distributions are widely overlapping. Different funicular axon distributions could be associated with different sets of synaptic contacts with the white-matter dendrites of spinal neurons.

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Section: Histological Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descending propriospinal axons in the hindlimb enlargement of the red‐eared turle: Cells of origin and funicular courses

Berkowitz¹,

Stein²

1994

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…To ascertain that the i.p.s.p.s evoked after transaction of the lateral and ventral funiculi are being mediated by interneurones located rostral to the lesions, even though neurones with axons in the dorsal funiculi (Tower, Bodian & Howe, 1941;Uddenberg, 1968;Angaut-Petit, 1975a, b) might add to them (see Discussion), a separate test was used. Since rubrospinal volleys could influence only those neurones which were located rostral to the lesion of the lateral funiculus, we used facilitation of the i.p.s.p.s by stimulation in the red nucleus as an indication that they were mediated by local interneurones.…”

Section: T Hongo and Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of dorsal spinocerebellar tract cells by interneurones in upper and lower lumbar segments in the cat.

Hongo¹,

Jankowska²,

Ohno³

et al. 1983

The Journal of Physiology

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3. Distribution of the caudally located interneurones in the lower lumbar segments was investigated after marking these interneurones with horseradish peroxidase retrogradely transported from Clarke's column. The horseradish peroxidase was injected along L3-L4 segments of Clarke's column in two cats with transacted dorsal funiculi. The marked cells were found in L5, L6, L7 and SI segments, with a highest density in L6 and L7. They were seen in laminae V, VI and VII. 4. A search was made for interneurones which could be antidromically invaded following stimuli applied in Clarke's column and were monosynaptically excited by group I afferents. Such interneurones were found at locations corresponding to laminae V-VI of Rexed. The latencies of antidromic and orthodromic responses were within ranges allowing them to mediate disynaptic inhibition of d.s.c.t. cells.

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“…They have shown that action potentials in no way differing from those obtained from completely denervated muscles in animals can be obtained from the affected muscles of patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or from facial palsy with partial recovery. Tower (1939) also summarizes the literature on the action potentials from fibrillating muscle, and finds that the rate of contraction of the unit responsible for the activity is around 9 per second in the cat. This rate remained unchanged throughout a year of observation; only the amplitude of the action potential decreased as the muscle atrophied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Denny-Brown and Pennybacker (1938) confirm previous observations that fibrillation commences in the cat's gastrocnemius on the fifth day at the earliest. Tower (1939) has reviewed the literature on the subject and states that she has observed fibrillation in a muscle kept experimentally denervated for a year. She has also shown (1941) that, after isolation of the lumbar spinal cord and dorsal root section in the monkey, fibrillation does not occur within two weeks of the operation in the paralysed muscles unless, in addition, the sciatic nerve or other lower motor neuron is sectioned.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%