Isolation of HTLV-Iii/Lav From Cervical Secretions of Women at Risk for Aids

Vogt, M; Craven, D E; Crawford, D E; Witt, DavidJ.; Byington, Roy E.; Schooley, R. T.; Hirsch, M. S.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90884-6

Cited by 224 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In a recent report, recovery was best from men with low CD4+ cell counts (28), but only a small number of subjects was studied. Vaginal fluid only rarely has been found to contain free virus (1293); generally, only infected cells are detected (1223,1224,1293). Nevertheless, detection of virus was probably limited in all these reports, since culturing of HIV from genital fluids can be technically difficult because of the cytotoxic effects of these body fluids.…”

Section: B Genital Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Levy¹

1989

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

222

290

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Section: B Genital Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Levy¹

1989

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

222

290

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“…Subtype C, the dominant subtype in India and China, is the most prevalent subtype worldwide accounting for approximately 50% of infections (388,389). Subtype D is generally limited to East and Central Africa with sporadic cases observed in Southern and Western Africa (Vogt et al, 1986). Subtype E is a recombinant strain (CRF01_AE), and not a distinct subtype as initially thought, which co-circulates with subtype B within the intravenous drug user (IDU) population and fishermen in Thailand and also occurs in Vietnam and South East Asia (Entz, 2000;Wasi, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1: Implications and Impact

Heslop¹

2012

Genetic Diversity in Microorganisms

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“…However, use of these methods to culture infectious virus from female genital tract cells has had an overall low success rate (ϳ30%) (18,29,(44)(45)(46). Moreover, recovery of infectious cell-free virus from genital secretions is reported to be even lower (11 to 20%) (18,36).…”

Section: Detection Of Infectious Hiv-1 In Vaginal Lavages Was Not Assmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Infectious Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Female Genital Secretions by a Short-Term Culture Method

et al. 2003

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Infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is difficult to detect in female genital secretions by standard virus culture techniques. To improve detection of cell-free HIV-1 in female genital secretions, we adapted a short-term assay that uses the multinuclear-activation galactosidase indicator (MAGI) assay. When vaginal lavages from HIV-1-infected women were tested with the adapted MAGI assay, 25 (64%) of 39 lavages with detectable, cell-free HIV-1 RNA were shown to have infectious virus. No infectious virus was found in 10 vaginal lavages from HIV-1-infected women with undetectable vaginal viral loads. Significantly (P < 0.01) more lavages from HIV-1-infected women tested positive for infectious virus by the MAGI assay than by standard peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) coculture, which detected infectious virus in only 6 (17%) of 35 vaginal lavages. Lavages with viral loads of >10,000 copies per lavage yielded significantly (P < 0.01) more positive cultures than those with <10,000 copies by using the MAGI assay. Detection of infectious HIV-1 in vaginal lavages was not associated with the presence of genital tract infections or CD4؉ -T-cell counts. However, although the results were not significant (P ‫؍‬ 0.08), the MAGI assay detected infectious virus from more vaginal lavages at a vaginal pH of >4.5 than at a pH of <4.5. These results indicate that the MAGI assay is more sensitive than PBMC culture methods for detecting infectious virus in female genital secretions. Accurate measurements of infectious virus in genital secretions will improve studies that evaluate sexual transmission of HIV-1.The majority of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections worldwide continue to occur through heterosexual transmission (7,27). Factors that influence the amount of HIV-1 in vaginal secretions are important risk determinants for this mode of transmission. It is reported that the amount of HIV-1 RNA in vaginal secretions is correlated with that in plasma (8,13,17,20) and that an increase in plasma viral load in infected persons is associated with an increase in HIV-1 transmission to their sex partners (15,30,35). In addition, localized cervical inflammation and ulceration, without affecting the plasma viral load, can increase HIV-1 shedding in the female genital tract and thus influence HIV-1 transmission (3,22,24,47). Altogether, these studies suggest that increased HIV-1 shedding in mucosal secretions would lead to increased transmission; however, little information is available regarding the presence of infectious virus in cervicovaginal secretions.Several studies have attempted to evaluate infectious HIV-1 in genital secretions by using virus culture methods that are highly successful for propagating virus from an infected person's peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). However, use of these methods to culture infectious virus from female genital tract cells has had an overall low success rate (ϳ30%) (18,29,(44)(45)(46). Moreover, recovery of infectious cell-free virus from genital s...

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Isolation of HTLV-Iii/Lav From Cervical Secretions of Women at Risk for Aids

Cited by 224 publications

References 18 publications

Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Genetic Diversity and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1: Implications and Impact

Detection of Infectious Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Female Genital Secretions by a Short-Term Culture Method

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