Abstract:Cappings of waste piles conventionally contain a drain layer over a lowpermeable clay liner composed of smectite minerals. The rate of percolation of the clay liner, once it has been largely water saturated, determines the downward migration of water into and through the underlying waste. In a desert climate, cyclic variation in the degree of hydration of the clay takes place, from desiccated to largely water saturated conditions. Clays of smectite type effectively seal off the underlying waste but the content… Show more
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