Isolation of GAL Tularemia Bacteriophage and its Characteristics

Григорьев, А. А.; Borisevich, I. V.; Darmov, I. V.; Бондарев, В. П.; Кузнецов, С. Л.; Mironin, A. V.; Pogorelsky, I. P.; Letarov, Andrey V.; Koulikov, E. E.; Маныкин, А. А.

doi:10.21055/0370-1069-2008-4(98)-33-36

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“…Preliminary analysis suggested these phages were members of the Myoviridae family (18), but inefficient phage enrichment prevented the preservation of stocks for validation and further study. Around the same time, another group reported visualization of temperate Legionella phage, but this occurred in a well-characterized, fully sequenced type strain with no potential to generate phage particles (19). Now a decade later, no subsequent studies have confirmed either laboratory's findings or identified any other type of L. pneumophila phage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legionella pneumophila CRISPR-Cas suggests recurrent encounters with Gokushovirinae

Deecker

Nicholson

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Legionella pneumophila is a ubiquitous freshwater pathogen and the causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease. This pathogen and its ability to cause disease is closely tied to its environmental encounters. From phagocytic protists, L. pneumophila has 'learned' how to avoid predation and exploit conserved eukaryotic processes to establish an intracellular replicative niche. Legionnaires' disease is a product of these evolutionary pressures as L. pneumophila uses the same molecular mechanisms to replicate in grazing protists and in macrophages of the human lung. L. pneumophila growth within protists also provides a refuge from desiccation, disinfection, and other remediation strategies. One outstanding question has been whether this protection extends to phages. L. pneumophila isolates are remarkably devoid of prophages and to date no Legionella phages have been identified. Nevertheless, many L. pneumophila isolates maintain active CRISPR-Cas defenses. So far, the only known target of these systems has been an episomal element that we previously named Legionella Mobile Element-1 (LME-1). In this study, we have identified over 150 CRISPR-Cas systems across 600 isolates, to establish the clearest picture yet of L. pneumophila’s adaptive defenses. By leveraging the sequence of 1,500 unique spacers, we can make two main conclusions: current data argue against CRISPR-Cas targeted integrative elements beyond LME-1 and the heretofore 'missing' L. pneumophila phages are most likely lytic gokushoviruses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%