Isolation of Francisella tularensis from infected frozen human blood

Pittman, Bertie; Shaw, E. B.; Cherry, William B.

doi:10.1128/jcm.5.6.621-624.1977

Cited by 12 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…A similar case occurred in Europe with farmers and contaminated hay [ 21 ]. Most other recorded cases are attributed to disturbing infected rabbit carcasses or transmission through household pet hair and dander that were previously in contact with infected rabbits [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Vector-borne Intradermal Infections and Aerogenic Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Immune Response Following Intranasal and Intradermal Infection with Francisella tularensis: Implications for Vaccine Development

2021

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Francisella tularensis (Ft) is a Gram-negative, facultative intracellular coccobacillus that is the etiological agent of tularemia. Interestingly, the disease tularemia has variable clinical presentations that are dependent upon the route of infection with Ft. Two of the most likely routes of Ft infection include intranasal and intradermal, which result in pneumonic and ulceroglandular tularemia, respectively. While there are several differences between these two forms of tularemia, the most notable disparity is between mortality rates: the mortality rate following pneumonic tularemia is over ten times that of the ulceroglandular disease. Understanding the differences between intradermal and intranasal Ft infections is important not only for clinical diagnoses and treatment but also for the development of a safe and effective vaccine. However, the immune correlates of protection against Ft, especially within the context of infection by disparate routes, are not yet fully understood. Recent advances in different animal models have revealed new insights in the complex interplay of innate and adaptive immune responses, indicating dissimilar patterns in both responses following infection with Ft via different routes. Further investigation of these differences will be crucial to predicting disease outcomes and inducing protective immunity via vaccination or natural infection.

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Section: Vector-borne Intradermal Infections and Aerogenic Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Immune Response Following Intranasal and Intradermal Infection with Francisella tularensis: Implications for Vaccine Development

2021

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Bronchial changes in airborne tularemia

et al. 1986

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We describe seven typhoidal tularemia patients without ulcers or lymphadenopathy, who underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy. Four patients had had obvious airborne exposure to F. tularensis during farming activities, and the remaining three had respiratory symptoms also. Bronchoscopical findings were pathological in all cases, varying from local to diffuse haemorrhagic inflammation; in one case a granulomatous tumour was seen. Early histopathological changes in three biopsies consisted of haemorrhagic oedema progressing to a non-specific inflammatory reaction, which could still be found 45 days after the onset of symptoms. Granulomatous inflammation, indistinguishable from tuberculosis or sarcoidosis, was seen in four biopsies from two patients, three to seven months after the onset. Most patients had radiographic hilar enlargement. We conclude that transmission of typhoid tularemia usually occurs through inhalation leading to bronchial changes, which correspond skin ulcerations in ulcero-glandular tularemia, the hilar enlargement corresponding to the lymph node component. We emphasize that usage of the term 'typhoidal' tularemia should be discontinued. Instead, tularemia transmitted through inhalation should be called pulmonary or respiratory.

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Topics in Clinical Microbiology:Francisella tularensis

Evans¹

1985

Infect. Control

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In 1911, McCoy discovered an unusual illness among ground squirrels in Tulare County, California. The illness resembled plague but was clearly different because a pathogen could not be isolated on the usual culture media. With the addition of egg yolk to the media, McCoy finally isolated an organism and named it Bacterium tularensis. It was soon recognized that B. tularensis could cause disease in humans, and many investigators, especially Edward Francis, did much of the early work defining the bacteriology, pathology, and epidemiology of tularemia. The name of the organism was eventually changed to Francisella tularensis in honor of Francis.Unlike Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the Enterobacteriaceae which are relatively non-pathogenic in the normal host, F. tularensis can easily cause disease in previously healthy persons. In contrast, F. tularensis has not been implicated in nosocomial infections and person to person spread is rare. The organism is, however, extremely hazardous to workers in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Of all common bacterial and fungal pathogens isolated in the clinical laboratory, F. tularensis is second only to Coccidioides immitis in its potential to infect the laboratory worker. Many experienced investigators claim that it is impossible to work with the pathogen for any length of time without becoming infected. Currently it is highly recommended that persons who routinely work with the organism be immunized.

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Isolation of Francisella tularensis from infected frozen human blood

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Differential Immune Response Following Intranasal and Intradermal Infection with Francisella tularensis: Implications for Vaccine Development

Differential Immune Response Following Intranasal and Intradermal Infection with Francisella tularensis: Implications for Vaccine Development

Bronchial changes in airborne tularemia

Topics in Clinical Microbiology:Francisella tularensis

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