Isolation of flavonoids from Musa acuminata Colla (Simili radjah, ABB) and the in vitro inhibitory effects of its leaf and fruit fractions on free radicals, acetylcholinesterase, 15‐lipoxygenase, and carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes

Abstract

Musa species are used traditionally for the management of many diseases. The study evaluated and compared anticholinesterase, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities of Musa acuminata (Simili radjah, ABB) fruits and leaves fractions and characterized the bioactive compounds using HPTLC‐HRMS and NMR. Leaf fractions gave the higher biological activities than the fruit. Ethyl acetate fraction of the leaf had the highest total phenolic content (911.9 ± 1.7 mg GAE/g) and highest 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) scavenging activity (IC50, 9.0 ± 0.4 µg/ml). It also gave the most effective inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (IC50, 404.4 ± 8.0 µg/ml) and α‐glucosidase (IC50, 4.9 ± 1.6 µg/ml), but a moderate α‐amylase inhibition (IC50, 444.3 ± 4.0 µg/ml). The anti‐inflammatory activity of n‐butanol (IC50, 34.1 ± 2.6 µg/ml) and ethyl acetate fractions (IC50, 43.1 ± 11.3 µg/ml) of the leaf were higher than the positive control, quercetin (IC50, 54.8 ± 17.1 µg/ml). Kaempferol‐3‐O‐rutinoside and quercetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside (rutin) were identified as the bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antidiabetic activities from the ethyl acetate fraction of M. acuminata leaf. Practical applications All parts of Musa acuminata are known to be useful ethnomedicinally even as food. The leaves are mostly used to serve food and used for wrapping purposes. However, this study concluded that M. acuminata leaf is rich in bioactive flavonoids such as kaempferol‐3‐O‐rutinoside and rutin, with relatively high antioxidative, antidiabetic, and anti‐inflammatory activities. Therefore, aside the fact that the leaves can serve as potential drug leads for pharmaceutical industries, it can also be embraced in the food sector to produce supplements and/or nutraceuticals in the management of Alzheimer's, diabetes and other inflammatory diseases.

In-Vitro Screenings for Biological and Antioxidant Activities of Water Extract from Theobroma cacao L. Pod Husk: Potential Utilization in Foods

“…TFC in TCEA was found to be the highest which is in accordance with the fact that the sample contains the highest TPC. It is believed polyphenols, including flavonoids, have a strong affinity for semipolar solvents, including ethyl acetate [36,39]. However, its difference to TFC from other samples is not as significant as in TPC.…”

Pharmacological and metabolomic profiles of Musa acuminata wastes as a new potential source of anti-ulcerative colitis agents

“… Compounds listed in the Table were found in (1) total extract of leaves MA , (2) Pesudostem, and (3) Fruit Peels, (a) compounds compared with literature 7 , 40 – 43 , (b) compounds identified from Standard Authentic compound Quantitative with HPLC (conc. as µg/g), (c) compounds identified from NMR , (d) compounds identified from DataBase (MS-Dial, KNApSAcK , Metlin, and RIKEN ).…”

“…These findings are in agreement with Oresanya et al . 43 .

Figure 3 In vitro IC 50 DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activity of different plant parts of Musa acuminata extracts.

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Food‐derived Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors as Potential Agents against Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Bananas ( Musa acuminate ) are also very popular with significant uses of the leaves and fruits for food and medicinal purposes. Solvent extraction of the banana leaf and fruit identified the ethyl acetate fraction as the most active AChE inhibitor with IC 50 values of 404.4 and 478.2 µg/mL, respectively [36]. This may be due to differences in the level of phytochemicals as it was reported that the total phenolic contents of leaves and fruit were 85.4–911.9 and 12.0–70.2 mg GAE/g, respectively.…”