Isolation of diploid baker’s yeast capable of strongly activating immune cells and analyses of the cell wall structure

Takada, Yuki; Mizobuchi, Ayano; Kato, Takayuki; Kasahara, Emiko; Ito, Chinatsu; Watanabe, Hajime; Kanzaki, Ken; Kitagawa, Seiichi; Tachibana, Taro; Azuma, Masayuki

doi:10.1080/09168451.2014.917259

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The data presented in this study are the first evidence of an antivirulence-like gene in S. ’boulardii’ , suggesting that not exclusively gaining a virulence factor, but also a loss-of-function mutation, might contribute to increased fitness of the probiotic yeast in a mammalian host. Results comparable to this were only observed before in the context of cell wall architecture and higher virulence (the gene SSD1 ), as well as cell wall architecture and higher immune activation in vitro ( MCD4 ) in the case of Saccharomyces [ 77 , 78 ]. This draws attention to the fact that the deletion of a gene can cause unexpected adaptive benefits potentially promoting pathogenicity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Heme Oxygenase-1 (HMX1) Loss of Function Increases the In-Host Fitness of the Saccharomyces ‘boulardii’ Probiotic Yeast in a Mouse Fungemia Model

Imre

Kovács

Tóth

et al. 2022

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The use of yeast-containing probiotics is on the rise; however, these products occasionally cause fungal infections and possibly even fungemia among susceptible probiotic-treated patients. The incidence of such cases is probably underestimated, which is why it is important to delve deeper into the pathomechanism and the adaptive features of S. ‘boulardii’. Here in this study, the potential role of the gene heme oxygenase-1 (HMX1) in probiotic yeast bloodstream-derived infections was studied by generating marker-free HMX1 deletion mutants with CRISPR/Cas9 technology from both commercial and clinical S. ‘boulardii’ isolates. The six commercial and clinical yeasts used here represented closely related but different genetic backgrounds as revealed by comparative genomic analysis. We compared the wild-type isolates against deletion mutants for their tolerance of iron starvation, hemolytic activity, as well as kidney burden in immunosuppressed BALB/c mice after lateral tail vein injection. Our results reveal that the lack of HMX1 in S. ‘boulardii’ significantly (p < 0.0001) increases the kidney burden of the mice in most genetic backgrounds, while at the same time causes decreased growth in iron-deprived media in vitro. These findings indicate that even a single-gene loss-of-function mutation can, surprisingly, cause elevated fitness in the host during an opportunistic systemic infection. Our findings indicate that the safety assessment of S. ‘boulardii’ strains should not only take strain-to-strain variation into account, but also avoid extrapolating in vitro results to in vivo virulence factor determination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Heme Oxygenase-1 (HMX1) Loss of Function Increases the In-Host Fitness of the Saccharomyces ‘boulardii’ Probiotic Yeast in a Mouse Fungemia Model

Imre

Kovács

Tóth

et al. 2022

JoF

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Cell surface changes that advance the application of using yeast as a food emulsifier

et al. 2020

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Isolation of diploid baker’s yeast capable of strongly activating immune cells and analyses of the cell wall structure

Abstract: Isolation of diploid baker's yeast capable of strongly activating immune cells and analyses of the cell wall structure, Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 78:5,[911][912][913][914][915]

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

Heme Oxygenase-1 (HMX1) Loss of Function Increases the In-Host Fitness of the Saccharomyces ‘boulardii’ Probiotic Yeast in a Mouse Fungemia Model

Heme Oxygenase-1 (HMX1) Loss of Function Increases the In-Host Fitness of the Saccharomyces ‘boulardii’ Probiotic Yeast in a Mouse Fungemia Model

Cell surface changes that advance the application of using yeast as a food emulsifier

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