Isolation of dipicolinic acid (pyridine-2:6-dicarboxylic acid) from spores of <i>Bacillus megatherium</i>

Powell, Joan F.

doi:10.1042/bj0540210

Cited by 188 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…a-Keto-s-aminopimelic acid is known to be an intermediate in the biosynthesis of LL-diaminopimelic acid in Escherichia coli, but in this case it is present as the N-succinyl derivative and is thereby protected against cyclization (Gilvarg, 1960 Neither piperidine-2:6-dicarboxylic acid, a reduced product of ring closure, nor dipicolinic acid, the fully unsaturated derivative which occurs in bacterial spores (Powell, 1953), was identified among the reaction products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation of meso- , Diaminopimelic Acid by Certain Sporulating Species of Bacteria

Antia

Work

1961

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYInvestigations were made of the transformations undergone by the stereoisomers of a,€-diaminopimelic acid in suspensions of acetone-dried organisms of two species of sporulating bacteria, Sporosarcina ureae and Bacillus sphaericus, both of which contain diaminopimelic acid in their spores but not in their vegetative cells. Meso-diaminopimelic acid was rapidly decarboxylated by vegetative organisms of both species; it was also utilized by some other unidentified anaerobic reaction. The vegetative organisms also oxidized meso-diaminopimelic acid with release of ammonia. L-Lysine was oxidized by S . ureae, but not by B. sphaericus. Neither LL-nor DD-diaminopimelic acid was attacked by either organism.Disintegrated spores of Bacillus sphaericus did not oxidize meso-diaminopimelic acid, but decarboxylated it and also utilized it by the unidentified anaerobic reaction. The decarboxylation, but not the oxidation, of diaminopimelic acid by Sporosarcina ureae was greatly stimulated by pyridoxal phosphate; both reactions were inhibited by the same compounds. Study of the oxidation was complicated by the side reactions which occurred with S . ureae, but a simpler system was provided by an asporogenous variant of B. sphaericus which did not decarboxylate diaminopimelic acid without added pyridoxal phosphate. Only one equivalent of ammonia was produced, a small amount of CO, was evolved and two equivalents of oxygen were utilized; no oxidation product was identified. The methods of attacking diaminopimelic acid by these two atypical species are compared and discussed in relation to other species in their respective families.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation of meso- , Diaminopimelic Acid by Certain Sporulating Species of Bacteria

Antia

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1961

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…The salts contained in the mixture have been one of the most frequently found in the culture media optimization for the production of spores [12]- [14]; because they are involved in the gene expression for dipicolinic acid synthesis, a specific component of bacterial endospores which is responsible of spore heat resistance [15]- [17].…”

Section: Sporulation Induction With Individual Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Sporulation Conditions of a New Strain of <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> in Liquid Fermentation

Díaz-García¹,

García-Riaño²,

Zapata-Narvaez³

2015

ABB

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The desirable active ingredients for the development of bioproducts based in Bacillus sp. for the control of soil pathogens are the spores because these structures exhibit more resistance and stability to conditions present during the fermentation, formulation, and storage processes. To improve the sporulation of a native strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bs006) using liquid fermentation, some modifications in the concentrations of the components in a previously standardized culture media were made. Subsequently, five sporulation inducers (iron nitrate, mixture of salts, peroxide hydrogen, temperature, and initial cell concentration) were evaluated. The treatment with a mixture of salts in combination with an initial cell concentration of 1 × 10 8 cells/ml was selected because a final spore concentration of 1.05 × 10 10 spores/ml after 66 hours with a fully substrate consumption and sporulation efficiency of 88.7% was obtained. To demonstrate the biological activity of B. amyloliquefaciens Bs006 in Cape gooseberry seedlings, a greenhouse bioassay was conducted, and statistical differences in plant growth-promoting parameters compared with previous media were not found. Additionally, the proposed modified media (coded as JM) presented a benefit-cost ratio 2.65 times higher compared with the baseline media.

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“…Studies of the chemical constituents of mature spores have revealed the existence of many spore-specific materials, such as dipicolinic acid (Powell, 1953), sulpholactate (Bonsen et al, 1969), spore coat protein (Kadota & Iijima, 1965;Kondo & Foster, 1967;Sano et al, 1975) and cortex materials (Warth & Strominger, 1968). It has been generally accepted that these spore-specific materials are newly synthesized in sporangia from substances derived from vegetative cell constituents, in which case precursors of spore constituents are presumably present in the cells at an early stage of sporulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of Cysteic Acid in the Sporangium and its Metabolic Pathway during Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis NRRL B558

et al. 1981

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Cells of Bacillus subtilis NRRL B558 at early stages of sporulation contained considerable amounts of cysteic acid. The cell cysteic acid content began to increase at the onset of sporulation and was maximal when synthesis of dipicolinic acid commenced; it then decreased as sporulation advanced. C ysteic acid was synthesized from cysteine and metabolized to sulpholactate in the mother-cell cytoplasm, and the sulpholactate was then incorporated into the forespore. This metabolic change is considered to be a general phenomenon in spore-formers that contain sulpholactate in their spores. I N T R O D U C T I O NIdentification of spore-specific materials and knowledge of their role during sporulation has been considered essential for studies on sporulation mechanisms. Studies of the chemical constituents of mature spores have revealed the existence of many spore-specific materials, such as dipicolinic acid (Powell, 1953) (Warth & Strominger, 1968). It has been generally accepted that these spore-specific materials are newly synthesized in sporangia from substances derived from vegetative cell constituents, in which case precursors of spore constituents are presumably present in the cells at an early stage of sporulation. No detailed information has yet been obtained on the chemical nature or biological roles of such precursors. Chemical and biochemical studies on precursors of spore-specific materials may contribute to our understanding of sporulation mechanisms. The present paper describes the identification of cysteic acid as a precursor of sulpholactate and the metabolic pathway of cysteine to sulpholactate via cysteic acid. M E T H O D SStrain and culture conditions. Bacillus subtilis NRRL B558 was used unless otherwise indicated. Bacilli from an overnight nutrient agar slope were suspended in Schaeffer's medium (Schaeffer & Ionesco, 1960) and incubated for 5 h at 37 OC. A sufficient volume of this culture was inoculated into fresh Schaeffer's medium to give an initial of 0.03 to 0.05, and the fresh culture was incubated with shaking (120 strokes min-', 3 cm amplitude) at 37 OC. Cells were harvested at various stages of sporulation and washed with chilled saline by centrifuging at 10000 rev. min-I for 10 min.Replacement sporulation was carried out in a medium containing (per litre) 50mmol acetic acid, 10 mmol glycine, 10 mmol serine, 1.5 g NaCl, 0.45 g KH,P04, 0.58 g K2HP04, 200 mg MgS04.7H20, 7 mg MnS04. 7H,O, 15 mg FeSO,. 7H,O and 73.5 mg CaCl,. 2H,O (pH 6.8).Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) extraction andpreparation offractions. Cells (100 mg dry wt) were treated in 15 ml 10% (w/v) TCA with stirring for 2 h at 0 OC, and the extract was centrifuged at 10000 rev. min-' for 20 min at 0 OC. The supernatant was extracted with 45 ml diethyl ether to remove the TCA and the water layer (TCA extract) was retained.

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Isolation of dipicolinic acid (pyridine-2:6-dicarboxylic acid) from spores of Bacillus megatherium

Cited by 188 publications

References 1 publication

Oxidation of meso- , Diaminopimelic Acid by Certain Sporulating Species of Bacteria

Oxidation of meso- , Diaminopimelic Acid by Certain Sporulating Species of Bacteria

Improvement of Sporulation Conditions of a New Strain of <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> in Liquid Fermentation

Presence of Cysteic Acid in the Sporangium and its Metabolic Pathway during Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis NRRL B558

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Isolation of dipicolinic acid (pyridine-2:6-dicarboxylic acid) from spores of Bacillus megatherium

Cited by 188 publications

References 1 publication

Oxidation of meso- , Diaminopimelic Acid by Certain Sporulating Species of Bacteria

Oxidation of meso- , Diaminopimelic Acid by Certain Sporulating Species of Bacteria

Improvement of Sporulation Conditions of a New Strain of &lt;i&gt;Bacillus amyloliquefaciens&lt;/i&gt; in Liquid Fermentation

Presence of Cysteic Acid in the Sporangium and its Metabolic Pathway during Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis NRRL B558

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Improvement of Sporulation Conditions of a New Strain of <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> in Liquid Fermentation