Isolation of dental pulp stem cells with high osteogenic potential

Abstract

Dental pulp stem cells/progenitor cells (DPSCs) can be easily obtained and can have excellent proliferative and mineralization potentials. Therefore, many studies have investigated the isolation and bone formation of DPSCs. In most previous reports, human DPSCs were traditionally isolated by exploiting their ability to adhere to plastic tissue culture dishes. DPSCs isolated by plastic adherence are frequently contaminated by other cells, which limits the ability to investigate their basic biology and regenerative properties. Additionally, the proliferative and osteogenic potentials vary depending on the isolated cells. It is very difficult to obtain cells of a sufficient quality to elicit the required effect upon transplantation. Considering clinical applications, stem cells used for regenerative medicine need to be purified in order to increase the efficiency of bone regeneration, and a stable supply of these cells must be generated. Here, we review the purification of DPSCs and studies of cranio-maxillofacial bone regeneration using these cells. Additionally, we introduce the prospective isolation of DPSCs using specific cell surface markers: low-affinity nerve growth factor and thymocyte antigen 1.

Characterisation of proliferation, differentiation potential, and gene expression among clonal cultures of human dental pulp cells

“…In all three of these prior studies, the investigators used bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells. Bone marrow tissue originates from the mesoderm and neural crest, whereas dental pulp tissue is presumably derived from migrating neural crest cells [48]. Accordingly, we found some overlap in the data, but observed multiple differences that may be related to the human dental pulp origin of our cells.…”

Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells: recent findings and current research

“…Future application of STRO-1+cK-it+CD34+ DPSCs is based on their ability to form 3D sphere system, capacity to preserve immunological expression of STRO-1+cKit+CD34+ and expression of late neuronal differentiation markers, but also on maintaining capacity for osteogenic differentiation [47]. Specifically, STRO-1+cKit+FLK-1+CD34+ cells were reported to have the highest growth potential and neurogenic commitment, while STRO-1+cK-it+CD34+ alone express significantly more low affin- [11] general: STRO-1, CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD146, CD166, CD271 hematopoietic: CD34 and CD117 stemness: OCT-3/4 and NANOG [25] CD13, CD29, CD105, CD146, CD166 [1] CD90, CD73, CD34 [49] STRO-1, c-Kit, CD29, CD34, CD44, CD73, CD105, CD146 [47] STRO-1, c-Kit, CD34 [15] CD90, CD73, CD34 ity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR) [47,48]. Therefore, mainly STRO-1+ DPSCs show generally firmer tendency for neurogenic commitment rather than other pulp cells expressing common mesenchymal markers [49,50].…”

“…Specifically, STRO-1+cKit+FLK-1+CD34+ cells were reported to have the highest growth potential and neurogenic commitment, while STRO-1+cK-it+CD34+ alone express significantly more low affin- [11] general: STRO-1, CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD146, CD166, CD271 hematopoietic: CD34 and CD117 stemness: OCT-3/4 and NANOG [25] CD13, CD29, CD105, CD146, CD166 [1] CD90, CD73, CD34 [49] STRO-1, c-Kit, CD29, CD34, CD44, CD73, CD105, CD146 [47] STRO-1, c-Kit, CD34 [15] CD90, CD73, CD34 ity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR) [47,48]. Therefore, mainly STRO-1+ DPSCs show generally firmer tendency for neurogenic commitment rather than other pulp cells expressing common mesenchymal markers [49,50]. Efficiency of novel DPSC derived treatments is strongly dependent on other cofactors, with root canal treatment recently improved through establishment of silicate -based root canal sealers that exhibited better mineralization activity compared with conventional resin -based sealers [43].…”

<p>Culture of dental pulp stem cells on nanoporous alumina substrates modified by carbon nanotubes</p>

“…DPSCs are a good option for regenerative therapy, because they can be easily expanded to produce the required number of cells for the production of graft materials. 16 These cells can be simply obtained, in comparison with bone marrow SCs, because exfoliated deciduous teeth and impacted third molar teeth are often extracted for clinical or orthodontic reasons. 9,[17][18][19][20] Dental SCs are known to differentiate into various cell lineages, such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, odontoblasts, neural cells, and myocytes, among others 8,21,22 DPSCs offer regenerative potential of various damaged or lost tissues and organs, including dentin, pulp, periodontal tissue, bone, neuronal tissue, blood vessels, muscle, cartilage, hair follicle, and cornea.…”