Isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis or Ureaplasma urealyticum from the synovial fluid of patients with Reiter's syndrome

Abstract

Presence of these bacteria in the inflamed joint might be an important factor in etiopathogenesis of this disease, and it supports the hypothesis that arthritis in Reiter's syndrome is probably of the infectious origin.

Reiter's syndrome: The classic triad and more

“…63,64 U urealyticum has also been isolated from synovial fluid. 65 This has led some to question the classification of Reiter's syndrome as an aseptic arthritis. One study found synovial Chlamydia by polymerase chain reaction in 65% of patients with Reiter's syndrome 66 ; however, synovial biopsy specimens from some healthy individuals were also positive for Chlamydia by polymerase chain reaction, although not as high a percentage as in patients with Reiter's syndrome.…”

Reiters syndrome presenting with lumbar and leg pain as the chief complaint: A case report and literature review

“…Microorganisms such as Chlamydia trachomatis, Salmonella enteritidis, Shigella flexneri etc have been detected in the joint by immunological techniques and the presence of intra-articular bacterial antigens has now been firmly established with the demonstration of bacteria, bacterial fragments, DNA, RNA, and bacterial lipopolysaccharide in joints of patients with reactive arthritis or sexually acquired reactive arthritis, although there is still some doubt as to the form in which they reach the joint and whether or not they persist (Hughes and Keat, 1994). Some authors in their study concluded that these microorganisms in the inflamed joint might be an important factor in etiopathogenesis of this disease and they are viably active, which supports the hypothesis that arthritis in Reiter's syndrome is probably of the infectious origin (Pavlica et al, 2003;Gerard et al, 1998). However, negative joint culture results from patients with reactive arthritis make it unlikely that bacteria in the joint are viable.…”

A Case of Rectal Ureaplasma Infection and Implications for Testing in Young Men Who Have Sex with Men: The P18 Cohort Study

“…Although it is a common organism in the genitourinary tract of asymptomatic men, it is also thought to be a cause of nongonococcal urethritis (NGU), prostatitis, reactive arthritis, and spermatic dysfunction. [4][5][6] Urethritis is the most common reason men present to STI clinics in the United States, and multiple studies show that Ureaplasma urealyticum is among the top 5 etiologies, accounting for 4%-5% of all urethritis, and up to 13% of all those with NGU. [7][8][9] In another study, Ureaplasma rates were not significantly different between asymptomatic men and men with NGU, but when differentiated between U. urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum, U. urealyticum was significantly associated with NGU, whereas U. parvum was not.…”

“…He knew of HIV postexposure prophylaxis and preexposure prophylaxis, but had never taken them. When asked how likely he thought he was to become infected with HIV, he reported that it was ''possible'' (equivalent to 3 on a scale of [1][2][3][4][5].…”