Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from onion skin and their utilization for the preparation of agar-based bio-nanocomposites films

Production of biodegradable starch nanocomposites using cellulose nanocrystals extracted from coconut fibers

“…They found that the film traction increased with increasing nanocrystal concentration from 1% to 5%, but decreased significantly (p < 0.05) for 10% nanocrystals. Similar reports have been made by other researchers regarding the tensile properties of films with different matrixes containing cellulose nanocrystals [61][62][63][64][65][66] .…”

Biodegradable polymer films from seaweed polysaccharides: A review on cellulose as a reinforcement material

“…Application: packaging material Agar/MFC/Chitosan methylisothiazolinone crosslinking with TPP [105] Incorporation of MFC/C−MIT composite enhances film tensile property and excellent antimicrobial activity. Application: biomaterial Agar/NCC/Glycerol [80,106] Film transparency decreased. Addition of NCC improves film mechanical, thermal & water vapor barrier properties.…”

Effect of post-treatments and concentration of cotton linter cellulose nanocrystals on the properties of agar-based nanocomposite films

“…Such properties made them attractive for their use in nanocomposite materials (Xu et al, 2013). Nanocellulose can be isolated from any cellulose-containing materials by various mechanical methods such as high-pressure homogenization, grinding, ultrasonication or high-speed blending (Li et al, 2012;Li et al, 2014), chemical methods including sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, or TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpyperidine-l-oxyl) oxidation (Jiang & Hsieh, 2013;Rhim, Reddy, & Luo, 2015), enzyme-assisted hydrolysis (Henriksson, Henriksson, Berglund, & Lindstrorn, 2007), as well as a combination of two or several of the above mentioned methods (Alemdar & Sain, 2008;Chen et al, 2011). Nanocellulose materials obtained by the chemical methods are relatively uniform in size with high crystallinity (Jiang & Hsieh, 2013).…”

“…Nanocellulose materials obtained by the chemical methods are relatively uniform in size with high crystallinity (Jiang & Hsieh, 2013). Among the chemical methods, acid hydrolysis is the most widely used method to prepare cellulose nanocrystals (Jiang & Hsieh, 2013;Rhim et al, 2015). Strong acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid can be used to prepare crystal forms of nanocelluose.…”