Isolation of bacteria causing secondary bacterial infection in the lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Ziaie, Hengameh; Sadeghian, G

doi:10.4103/0019-5154.43217

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Subsequently, cutaneous ulcers were developed and increased in size, then gangrene started to develop by the fourth weeks post-infection. The rate of spontaneous healing depends on several factors, including location of the lesion and the presence of secondary bacterial infections, which is in agreement with Ziaie and Sadeghian (2008) [ 33 ]. Infected, non-treated mice showed surface epithelial ulceration and localized dermal infiltrate composed of mixed acute and chronic non-specific inflammatory cellular infiltrates, which were composed of macrophages admixed with lymphocytes and neutrophils.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

In Vitro and In Vivo Control of Secondary Bacterial Infection Caused by Leishmania major

Yehia

Al-Olayan

El‐Khadragy

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Bacterial infections of cutaneous leishmaniasis cause skin ulcers on mice, resulting in increased tissue deterioration, and these infections can be controlled with liquid allicin. To isolate and identify the incidences of real secondary bacterial infections in mice, we performed the current study by injecting mice (n = 50) with Leishmania major. L. major infections were initiated by an intramuscular injection of 0.1 mL Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI 1640 media/mouse (107 promastigote/mL)). Scarring appeared 2–6 weeks after injection, and the bacteria were isolated from the skin ulcer tissues. Allicin (50 µL/mL) and ciprofloxacin (5 μg; Cip 5) were used for controlling L. major and bacteria. One hundred samples from skin ulcers of mice were examined, and 200 bacterial colonies were isolated. Forty-eight different genera and species were obtained and identified by Gram staining and physiological and biochemical characterization using identification kits. All samples were positive for secondary bacterial infections. Of the isolates, 79.16% were identified as Gram-negative bacteria, and 28.84% were identified as Gram-positive bacteria; only one yeast species was found. Interestingly, pure allicin liquid at a concentration 50 µL/mL exhibited antibacterial activity against a wide range of Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria, in addition to yeast, and was 71.43% effective. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of all genera and species were determined using 15 different antibiotics. Allicin (50 µL/mL) and Cip 5 were the most effective against L. major and 92.30% of isolated bacteria. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was the most resistant bacterium to the tested antibiotics with a survival rate of 73.33%, and it exhibited resistance to allicin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

In Vitro and In Vivo Control of Secondary Bacterial Infection Caused by Leishmania major

Yehia

Al-Olayan

El‐Khadragy

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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“…The parasite may be actively decreasing total IgM concentrations by degrading IgM via the activity of gp63, the virulence factor of Leishmania spp. 31 In conclusion, this study indicates that CL is endemic in Alhaweja district. CL is a major health problem since secondary bacterial infection was reported in 42% of cases and this infection may influence the natural course of the disease causing further skin damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iraq

Alsamarai

Al-Obaidi

2009

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Objective: To determine the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Alhaweja District and to clarify the secondary bacterial infection in CL. Methodology: A prospective survey was performed in the outpatient clinic of Alhaweja General Hospital. All the patients who presented at the dermatology clinic during the period from 1 October 2004 to the end of April 2005 were included in the study. The provisional diagnosis was dependent on clinical examination; however, biopsies and confirmatory tests were performed for questionable cases. Venous blood was drawn from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis for determination of IgM. Swabs from the ulcer were taken for culture to determine secondary bacterial infections. Results: A total of 107 cutaneous leishmaniasis cases were diagnosed during the study period with males representing 57% of the cases. The study participants ranged from 1-60 years. The incidence rate was 45 cases per 10,000. Clinically, 58% of patients had multiple lesions, while 42% had a single lesion. It was found that 36.5% of patients had dry type while 63.5% had wet type lesions. Most lesions were found on upper limbs (57%), while the fewest were found in the ear 1%. The highest number of cases was recorded during February (32.1%), while the lowest rate of cases was recorded in April (3.37%). According to cultures and smears, 73% of the cases were positive to giemsa stain and 43% were positive in cultures. Secondary bacterial infection occurred in 42% of lesions and Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common bacteria (55%) isolated from lesions, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (33%). The mean of total IgM levels was significantly decreased in patients with CL in comparison with the control group. Conclusions: CL is endemic in Alhaweja district. CL is an important health problem since secondary bacterial infection was reported in 42% of cases and this infection my influence the natural course of the disease causing more destruction for skin. Giemsa stain was the most sensitive parasitic diagnostic test.

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“…Several drugs are available for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis; however, these drugs cause adverse effects. Furthermore, the rate of spontaneous healing depends on many factors, including lesion location and the presence of secondary bacterial infections [ 3 ]. Surface epithelial ulceration and localized dermal infiltrate composed of mixed acute and chronic non-specific inflammatory cellular infiltrates, containing macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, were observed in infected, untreated mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Juice Shows Antioxidant Activity against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis-Induced Oxidative Stress in Female BALB/c Mice

Alkathiri

El‐Khadragy

Metwally

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Leishmania species are parasites that multiply within phagocytes and cause several clinical diseases characterized by single or multiple ulcerations. One of the complications that can induce tissue damage and the resulting scars is caused by secondary bacterial infections. Studies to find new, effective, and safe oral drugs for treating leishmaniasis are being conducted since several decades, owing to the problems associated with the use of antimonials available. Previously, the antiparasitic and antioxidant properties of Punica granatum (pomegranate, P. granatum) have been reported. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the antileishmanial activity of pomegranate aqueous juice in vitro and in female BALB/c mice. A 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in Leishmania major promastigotes and alterations in the antioxidant status, liver function, and skin histological changes in L. major-infected mice orally treated with pomegranate juice alone and in combination with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, were used to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity of pomegranate juice, respectively. Oral P. granatum juice treatment significantly reduced the average size of cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions compared with that of the untreated mice. This antileishmanial activity of P. granatum was associated with enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities. Histopathological evaluation proved the antileishmanial activity of P. granatum, but did not reveal changes in the treated animals, compared to the positive control. In conclusion, P. granatum shows high and fast antileishmanial activity probably by boosting the endogenous antioxidant activity.

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Isolation of bacteria causing secondary bacterial infection in the lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Cited by 20 publications

References 4 publications

In Vitro and In Vivo Control of Secondary Bacterial Infection Caused by Leishmania major

In Vitro and In Vivo Control of Secondary Bacterial Infection Caused by Leishmania major

Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iraq

Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Juice Shows Antioxidant Activity against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis-Induced Oxidative Stress in Female BALB/c Mice

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