Isolation of an RD-114-Like Oncornavirus from a Cat Cell Line

Fischinger, Peter J.; Peebles, Paul T.; Nomura, Shigeko; Haapala, Daniel K.

doi:10.1128/jvi.11.6.978-985.1973

Cited by 139 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Domestic cats are generally assumed to harbour the infectious endogenous retrovirus RD114 in their genome [1,2]. It is known that the Crandell-Rees feline kidney cell line is contaminated with an RD114-like virus [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of dogs with a feline endogenous retrovirus RD-114

et al. 2011

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BackgroundThe feline endogenous retrovirus RD114 is contained in the genome of cats. The virus may contaminate live canine vaccines based on cultured feline cells. The in vivo infectivity, acute and subacute pathogenicity, and viral proliferation of the RD114 virus were evaluated by experimental infection of dogs.MethodsNine specific pathogen free dogs were divided into three groups, with each group consisting of one female and two male dogs. Dogs were subcutaneously inoculated in the neck with either 1 ml RD114 stock virus (group A), inactivated RD114 virus suspension (group B), or cell culture medium (group C) as a negative control. To assess blood cell counts and biochemical properties, blood samples from each group were collected 5 days before inoculation, just prior to inoculation, and 1, 3, 7 and 10 days post-inoculation.ResultDuring the experimental period of 51 days, none of the dogs inoculated with RD114 virus showed any clinical signs, significant increases in rectal temperature or abnormal blood biochemical characteristics including C-reactive protein when compared with the negative controls. We were not able to re-isolate the RD114 virus from buffy coat cells of group A dogs. Additionally, we could not detect RD114 provirus in the genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes, lymph node, spleen and sternal bone marrow cells.ConclusionsSigns of RD114 virus proliferation were not found after subcutaneous infection of dogs. Although the potential risk caused by infection with RD114 virus in dogs could not be assessed in this study, we suspect that RD114 virus has little or no virulence in dogs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of dogs with a feline endogenous retrovirus RD-114

et al. 2011

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“…The risks posed by a low-level exposure to RD-114 for pets are likely extremely small. ERVs are in general nonpathogenic for their host species, and RD-114 replication has been found to be restricted in some cat cell lines (4,5,12). However, cat cell lines fully susceptible to RD-114 replication have also been described (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Isolation of an Infectious Endogenous Retrovirus in a Proportion of Live Attenuated Vaccines for Pets

Miyazawa

Yoshikawa

Golder

et al. 2010

J Virol

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The genomes of all animal species are colonized by endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). Although most ERVs have accumulated defects that render them incapable of replication, fully infectious ERVs have been identified in various mammals. In this study, we isolated a feline infectious ERV (RD-114) in a proportion of live attenuated vaccines for pets. Isolation of RD-114 was made in two independent laboratories using different detection strategies and using vaccines for both cats and dogs commercially available in Japan or the United Kingdom. This study shows that the methods currently employed to screen veterinary vaccines for retroviruses should be reevaluated.

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“…All domestic cats have an infectious ERV, termed RD-114 virus [4,12,32]. RD-114 viral genomes have not been detected in large felids, such as lions and pumas [4].…”

Section: Feline Ervsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination of live attenuated vaccines with an infectious feline endogenous retrovirus (RD-114 virus)

et al. 2013

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Retroviruses are classified as exogenous and endogenous retroviruses according to the mode of transmission. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are retroviruses which have been integrated into germ-line cells and inherited from parents to offspring. Most ERVs are inactivated by deletions and mutations; however, certain ERVs maintain their infectivity and infect the same host and new hosts as exogenous retroviruses. All domestic cats have infectious ERVs, termed RD-114 virus. Several canine and feline attenuated vaccines are manufactured using RD-114 virus-producing cell lines such as Crandell-Rees feline kidney cells; therefore, it is possible that infectious RD-114 virus contaminates live attenuated vaccines. Recently, Japanese and UK research groups found that several feline and canine vaccines were indeed contaminated with infectious RD-114 virus. This was the first incidence of contamination of 'infectious' ERVs in live attenuated vaccines. RD-114 virus replicates efficiently in canine cell lines and primary cells. Therefore, it is possible that RD-114 virus infects dogs following inoculation with contaminated vaccines and induces proliferative diseases and immune suppression, if it adapts to grow efficiently in dogs. In this review, we summarize the incidence of contamination of RD-114 virus in live attenuated vaccines and potential risks of infection with RD-114 virus in dogs.

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Isolation of an RD-114-Like Oncornavirus from a Cat Cell Line

Cited by 139 publications

References 26 publications

Experimental infection of dogs with a feline endogenous retrovirus RD-114

Experimental infection of dogs with a feline endogenous retrovirus RD-114

Isolation of an Infectious Endogenous Retrovirus in a Proportion of Live Attenuated Vaccines for Pets

Contamination of live attenuated vaccines with an infectious feline endogenous retrovirus (RD-114 virus)

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