Isolation of an Influenza C Virus Introduced into Japan by a Traveler from Malaysia

Matsuzaki, Yoko; Sato, Katsuhiko; Sugawara, Kanetsu; Takashita, Emi; Muraki, Yasushi; Morishita, Tatsuo; Kumagai, Norimichi; Suzuki, S.; Hongō, Seiji

doi:10.1128/jcm.43.2.993-995.2005

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1999, one strain belonging to the C/Sao Paulo lineage (C/Aichi/1/ 99) was isolated in Japan from a traveler who had visited Malaysia (32). Therefore, C/Aichi/1/99 was circulating in Malaysia and had a genome composition distinct from that of C/Yamagata/1/93 (32). The increase in isolates belonging to the C/Sao Paulo lineage in Japan started in 2004 ( the Philippines in 2011 and 2013 had HE genes belonging to the C/Sao Paulo lineage and had the same internal genome composition as C/Miyagi/9/96 (43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty-five strains isolated before 1988 were used that had been used in our previous studies (17,19,26,31,33) and kept in our laboratory. The remaining strains were isolated by our surveillance in Japan as described previously (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)32). The viruses were all propagated in the amniotic cavity of 8-or 9-day-old embryonated hen eggs, and they were stored at Ϫ80°C until use for sequencing.…”

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The viruses were all propagated in the amniotic cavity of 8-or 9-day-old embryonated hen eggs, and they were stored at Ϫ80°C until use for sequencing. The HE, NP, M, and/or NS gene sequences of some viruses had been determined in our previous studies (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37). Nucleotide sequences determined in our laboratory and registered in DDBJ/GenBank were used for C/Ann Arbor/1/50 (38,39).…”

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rates of nucleotide substitution of individual segments ranged from 3.76 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 to 5.20 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 (strict clock) and from 3.87 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 to 5.23 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 (relaxed clock) substitutions/site/year, with the lowest and highest rates found for the P3 and HE genes, respectively. (17,19,20,21,22,24,32), Kimura et al (18), and Tanaka et al (25). The colored open squares indicate the representative reassortant viruses that emerged during influenza C virus epidemics.…”

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Lineage and Reassortment of Influenza C Viruses Circulating between 1947 and 2014

Matsuzaki

Sugawara

Furuse

et al. 2016

J Virol

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Since influenza C virus was first isolated in 1947, the virus has been only occasionally isolated by cell culture; there are only four strains for which complete genome sequences are registered. Here, we analyzed a total of 106 complete genomes, ranging from the first isolate from 1947 to recent isolates from 2014, to determine the genetic lineages of influenza C virus, the reassortment events, and the rates of nucleotide substitution. The results showed that there are six lineages, named C/Taylor, C/Mississippi, C/Aichi, C/Yamagata, C/Kanagawa, and C/Sao Paulo. They contain both antigenic and genetic lineages of the hemagglutininesterase (HE) gene, and the internal genes PB2, PB1, P3, NP, M, and NS are divided into two major lineages, a C/Mississippi/80-related lineage and a C/Yamagata/81-related lineage. Reassortment events were found over the entire period of 68 years. Several outbreaks of influenza C virus between 1990 and 2014 in Japan consisted of reassortant viruses, suggesting that the genomic constellation is related to influenza C virus epidemics. The nucleotide sequences were highly homologous to each other. The minimum percent identity between viruses ranged from 91.1% for the HE gene to 96.1% for the M gene, and the rate of nucleotide substitution for the HE gene was the highest, at 5.20 ؋ 10 ؊4 substitutions/site/year. These results indicate that reassortment is an important factor that increases the genetic diversity of influenza C virus, resulting in its ability to prevail in humans. However, the antigenicity of the HE glycoprotein is highly stable, and antigenic drift has not occurred for at least 30 years. Here, we analyzed a total of 106 complete genomes spanning 68 years for the first time, and we found that influenza C viruses are circulating worldwide while undergoing reassortment as well as selection by herd immunity, resulting in an increased ability to prevail in humans. The results presented in this study contribute to the understanding of the evolution, including reassortment events, underlying influenza C virus epidemics. IMPORTANCE Influenza C virus is a pathogen that causes acute respiratory illness in children and

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Genetic Lineage and Reassortment of Influenza C Viruses Circulating between 1947 and 2014

Matsuzaki

Sugawara

Furuse

et al. 2016

J Virol

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Epidemiologic, clinical, and genetic characteristics of influenza C virus infections among outpatients and inpatients in Sendai, Japan from 2006 to 2020

Matsuzaki

Ohmiya

OTA

et al. 2023

Journal of Clinical Virology

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Broadly targeted triplex real-time PCR detection of influenza A, B and C viruses based on the nucleoprotein gene and a novel “MegaBeacon” probe strategy

Muradrasoli

Mohamed

Belák

et al. 2010

Journal of Virological Methods

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A PCR assay that covers animal and human influenza A, B and C viruses, i.e., most of Orthomyxoviridae, is needed. Influenza types are distinguished based on differences in the nucleoprotein (NP) present in the virus. Conserved NP regions were therefore used to design a TaqMan-based triplex reverse transcription real-time PCR method. Variability of influenza A within the probe target region mandated the development of a novel molecular beacon, the "Mega" molecular beacon (MegaBeacon; MegB), for the detection of influenza A with this method. MegaBeacon is a mismatch-tolerant molecular beacon that is also a TaqMan probe. The triplex method (3QPCR-MegB) was evaluated with influenza A isolates covering 18 HxNx combinations, two influenza B isolates, and five Japanese influenza C isolates, as well as influenza A, B and C synthetic DNA targets. One to ten viral RNA and cDNA genome equivalents were detected per PCR reaction for influenza A, B and C. Seventy-one human nasopharyngeal aspirates from respiratory infections yielded 30 influenza A, 11 influenza B and 0 influenza C with 3QPCR-MegB, where immunofluorescence (IF) found 28 influenza A and 10 influenza B. 3QPCR-MegB was more mismatch-tolerant than a variant PCR with an influenza A TaqMan probe (3QPCR) and is a sensitive and rational method to detect influenza viruses of animal and human origin. MegaBeacon probes hold promise for variable target nucleic acids.

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Isolation of an Influenza C Virus Introduced into Japan by a Traveler from Malaysia

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Genetic Lineage and Reassortment of Influenza C Viruses Circulating between 1947 and 2014

Genetic Lineage and Reassortment of Influenza C Viruses Circulating between 1947 and 2014

Epidemiologic, clinical, and genetic characteristics of influenza C virus infections among outpatients and inpatients in Sendai, Japan from 2006 to 2020

Broadly targeted triplex real-time PCR detection of influenza A, B and C viruses based on the nucleoprotein gene and a novel “MegaBeacon” probe strategy

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