Isolation of Actinobacillus equuli from the oral cavity of healthy horses and comparison of isolates by restriction enzyme digestion and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

Sternberg, S.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(97)00188-0

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…3 The prevalence of isolation of A. equuli from the oral cavities of adult horses and foals on individual farms in another study ranged from 12% to 88%. 10 There is a high degree of strain variability among horses on individual farms and within individual horses over time. 10 Results from ribotyping and biochemical fingerprinting of A. equuli isolates from horses in Sweden were not useful for distinguishing between isolates from healthy horses and those from clinically ill cases.…”

Section: Fig 1 Mesenteric Lymph Node; Horse the Parenchyma Is Expamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 There is a high degree of strain variability among horses on individual farms and within individual horses over time. 10 Results from ribotyping and biochemical fingerprinting of A. equuli isolates from horses in Sweden were not useful for distinguishing between isolates from healthy horses and those from clinically ill cases. 11 Therefore, it is not known whether there are specific strains of A. equuli with greater virulence for foals and/or adult horses or whether such strains are common inhabitants of the equine intestinal tract.…”

Section: Fig 1 Mesenteric Lymph Node; Horse the Parenchyma Is Expamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Septicemia and Peritonitis Due toActinobacillus equuliInfection in an Adult Horse

Patterson-Kane

Donahue²,

Harrison³

2001

Vet Pathol

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Actinobacillus equuli is a rare cause of peritonitis in adult horses. Septicemia and peritonitis due to A. equuli were diagnosed at necropsy in an 8-year-old Saddlebred mare. The origin of the infection was not known; however, small necrotic colonic mucosal lesions presumed to have been caused by phenylbutazone treatment may have allowed bacterial invasion. A good response to antimicrobial treatment has been documented in the small numbers of previously reported acute cases of peritonitis. Because it is potentially treatable, it is important for pathologists and clinicians to identify horses with A. equuli peritonitis.

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Section: Fig 1 Mesenteric Lymph Node; Horse the Parenchyma Is Expamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fig 1 Mesenteric Lymph Node; Horse the Parenchyma Is Expamentioning

confidence: 99%

Septicemia and Peritonitis Due toActinobacillus equuliInfection in an Adult Horse

Patterson-Kane

Donahue²,

Harrison³

2001

Vet Pathol

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“…Further, studies on E. coli bacteraemia in man indicated that host factors were important for the outcome (Hekker et al 2000). A. equuli is commonly present in the oral cavity of adult horses (Sternberg 1998). In general, mature horses show neutralising antibody activity to this bacterium, whereas newborn foals do not (Rycroft et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opsonic capacity of foal serum for the two neonatal pathogensEscherichia coliandActinobacillus equuli

Gröndahl

Sternberg

Jensen-Waern

et al. 2001

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Two of the most commonly isolated foal pathogens are Escherichia coli and Actinobacillus equuli. The hypothesis tested in this study was that young foals carry a lower opsonic capacity for these bacteria compared to adult horses. A flow‐cytometric method for the phagocytosis of these by equine neutrophils was established. The opsonic capacity of serum from healthy foals from birth to age 6 weeks was evaluated and related to the concentrations of IgGa and IgGb. Phagocytosis of yeast was used as a control. Serum was required for phagocytosis, with higher concentrations for E. coli than for A. equuli. Ingestion of colostrum led to a significantly higher serum opsonic capacity. After that, there was no consistent age‐related trend for opsonic capacity for the different microbes. Foal serum showed similar or higher opsonisation of E. coli and A. equuli compared to serum from mature individuals. During the studied period, the predominance among IgG subisotypes switched from IgGb to IgGa. Although the overall correlation between concentrations of IgG subisotypes and serum opsonic capacity was poor, sera with IgGb levels below 1.9 mg/ml induced lower opsonisation of E. coli and yeast, but not of A. equuli. Complement activation was important for opsonisation of all tested microbes. The results of this study are significant to the understanding of a key immunological facet in the pathophysiology of equine neonatal septicaemia in clinical practice.

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“…Bei der chronischen Form finden sich am Gebär-mutterhals Verfärbungen und Verdickungen, Nekrosen des Chorions mit Ansammlungen von mukösem Exsudat (Hong et al 1993a (Christensen et al 2002). Beide Stämme gehören zur Normalflora der Maulhöhle und des Intestinaltraktes des Pferdes, doch können sie häufig auch bei Infektionen des Respirationstraktes, Septikämien, Metritiden, Mastitiden, Orchitiden, Periorchitiden, Arthritiden, Endokarditiden, Meningitiden und Aborten nachgewiesen werden (Belknap et al 1988, Bisgaard 1993, Gay et al 1980, Matthews et al 2001, Sternberg 1998, Ward et al 1998, Webb et al 1976 (3,5,7,9,11),negative preparation control (12),negative PCR control (13),positive PCR control (14).…”

Section: Streptococcus Equi Subsp Zooepidemicusunclassified

Important viral, bacterial and parasitic agents of the equine reproductive tract and their diagnostic detection

Lorenz¹,

Homuth²,

Kollmann³

et al. 2006

PHK

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Important viral, bacterial and parasitic agents of the equine reproductive tract and their diagnostic detection Viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases of the equine reproduction tract are a common cause of infertility, abortions and premature births and are responsible for economic losses in horse populations. Both viral agents like equine herpesvirus type 1 and equine arteritisvirus and bacterial agents like Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, Actinobacillus equuli, leptospira, chlamydia and Taylorella equigenitalis are important infectious agents for the breeding and export of horses. Horses to be exported must be examined for the parasites Babesis caballi, Theileria equi, the causative agent of the tick-borne protozoal disease, equine piroplasmosis, and for Trypanosoma equiperdum, the causative agent of dourine. Identification and differentiation of the pathogen and the existing condition require both intensive clinical examination and a comprehensive laboratory diagnostic analysis. Depending on the diagnostic purpose, it is possible to differentiate between indirect and direct detection of the agents. Indirect methods facilitate the detection of antibodies against infectious agents and give further information about the immune status of the horse. Depending on the testing method and the animal's vaccination status, conclusions can be drawn about the infection and the success of vaccination. Direct test methods make possible the identification and differentiation of the agent isolated in the diagnostic sample. In horses with genital infections, infertility and abortions, diagnosis of viral infections is based on isolation of the virus in cell culture or on the detection of specific DNA by polymerase chain reaction techniques. Culture and biochemical identification remain the gold standard for confirming the presence of bacterial pathogens. The polymerase chain reaction offers an alternative or supplement to culture identification and provides highly specific and sensitive results that can often be obtained more quickly than by culture. A serological response to viral, bacterial and parasitic infections can be demonstrated by serological testing of paired sera to show a rise in antibody titre.Depending on the epidemiology of the pathogen and the site of the disease, important factors for a reliable diagnosis are the diagnostic material and the time and technique of sampling.

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Isolation of Actinobacillus equuli from the oral cavity of healthy horses and comparison of isolates by restriction enzyme digestion and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

Cited by 23 publications

References 8 publications

Septicemia and Peritonitis Due toActinobacillus equuliInfection in an Adult Horse

Septicemia and Peritonitis Due toActinobacillus equuliInfection in an Adult Horse

Opsonic capacity of foal serum for the two neonatal pathogensEscherichia coliandActinobacillus equuli

Important viral, bacterial and parasitic agents of the equine reproductive tract and their diagnostic detection

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