Isolation of a Virus from a Cat Sarcoma in an Established Canine Melanoma Cell Line

Kasza, L; Haywakd, A.H.S.; Betts, A. O.

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(18)34474-6

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…2 µg of FFV pCF-7 [ 25 ] or pCF7-Vif W/*1 plasmid were transfected into CrFK cells using Lipofectamine and supernatants were harvested for amplification in CrFK cells. Microscopic observation of cells was conducted daily and considered to be infected if they displayed cytopathic effects (CPE) of vacuolization, cytomegaly, and multinucleation [ 69 – 71 ]. Supernatants of infected cells were harvested and frozen on 2, 6, 9, and 13 days p.i.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replacement of feline foamy virus bet by feline immunodeficiency virus vif yields replicative virus with novel vaccine candidate potential

et al. 2018

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BackgroundHosts are able to restrict viral replication to contain virus spread before adaptive immunity is fully initiated. Many viruses have acquired genes directly counteracting intrinsic restriction mechanisms. This phenomenon has led to a co-evolutionary signature for both the virus and host which often provides a barrier against interspecies transmission events. Through different mechanisms of action, but with similar consequences, spumaviral feline foamy virus (FFV) Bet and lentiviral feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) Vif counteract feline APOBEC3 (feA3) restriction factors that lead to hypermutation and degradation of retroviral DNA genomes. Here we examine the capacity of vif to substitute for bet function in a chimeric FFV to assess the transferability of anti-feA3 factors to allow viral replication.ResultsWe show that vif can replace bet to yield replication-competent chimeric foamy viruses. An in vitro selection screen revealed that an engineered Bet-Vif fusion protein yields suboptimal protection against feA3. After multiple passages through feA3-expressing cells, however, variants with optimized replication competence emerged. In these variants, Vif was expressed independently from an N-terminal Bet moiety and was stably maintained. Experimental infection of immunocompetent domestic cats with one of the functional chimeras resulted in seroconversion against the FFV backbone and the heterologous FIV Vif protein, but virus could not be detected unambiguously by PCR. Inoculation with chimeric virus followed by wild-type FFV revealed that repeated administration of FVs allowed superinfections with enhanced antiviral antibody production and detection of low level viral genomes, indicating that chimeric virus did not induce protective immunity against wild-type FFV.ConclusionsUnrelated viral antagonists of feA3 cellular restriction factors can be exchanged in FFV, resulting in replication competence in vitro that was attenuated in vivo. Bet therefore may have additional functions other than A3 antagonism that are essential for successful in vivo replication. Immune reactivity was mounted against the heterologous Vif protein. We conclude that Vif-expressing FV vaccine vectors may be an attractive tool to prevent or modulate lentivirus infections with the potential option to induce immunity against additional lentivirus antigens.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12977-018-0419-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replacement of feline foamy virus bet by feline immunodeficiency virus vif yields replicative virus with novel vaccine candidate potential

et al. 2018

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“…Taxonomic criteria of the virus isolate which are common to both oncogenic RNA viruses and myxoviruses include RNA as nucleic acid type, sensitivity to lipolytics, acid lability, thermal lability, size, and insensitivity to antibiotics (23, 51, 53). A short communication of work done independently by others on the same tumor-tissue specimen from which the virus was isolated also reported sensitivity of the virus to ether and heat (33).…”

Section: Mckissick and Lamontmentioning

confidence: 95%

Characteristics of a Virus Isolated from a Feline Fibrosarcoma

McKissick

Lamont

1970

J Virol

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A virus was isolated from a radioresistant feline fibrosarcoma. It induced multinucleated giant-cell formation and lysis in a cell line derived from a canine fibrosarcoma, which was used to characterize the virus. End-point titrations in these cells required 28 days. The virus was sensitive to ether and heat and was destroyed at pH 3. Replication was not inhibited by 5-bromodeoxyuridine. Electron microscopy revealed assembly by a budding process from the plasma membrane of infected cells. The average diameter of the virion was 106 nm. Intracisternal particles with an average diameter of 45 nm were present within infected cells. In two instances secondary monolayers of feline renal cells underwent morphological transformation after inoculation of the virus. The two strains of transformed cells are now in continuous culture and do not yield infectious virus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Virus. The pool of virus used in these studies was prepared from the third subpassage of the virus in a cell line derived from a canine fibrosarcoma. Cellculture medium and infected cells were harvested 12 days postinfection. The pool was frozen at-90 C and subsequently thawed, redistributed in portions, refrozen, and maintained in liquid nitrogen vapor. This pool of virus was titrated 27 times over an interval of 27 months. The average titer was 10155 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCIDso) /ml. The infectivity titer did not decrease during storage. Canine herpesvirus (CHV) was used as a control deoxyribonucleic (DNA) virus in studies of the effect of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on virus replication. CHV was obtained from

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“…Feline foamy virus (FFV) is a retrovirus belonging to the ancient Spumaretrovirinae subfamily that infects domestic cats ( Felis catus ) and was originally discovered following development of cytopathic effects (CPEs) in feline cell lines [1,2]. Foamy viruses (FVs) cause multiple CPEs in vitro including multinucleation, giant cell formation, and vacuolization, leading to cells looking “foamy” (and where the “ spuma ” originates) [1,3,4,5]. In naturally-occurring and experimental infections of the domestic cat, however, FFV infection does not cause obvious disease, and has not been definitively associated with pathology despite establishing a persistent, life-long infection with a wide tissue tropism [3,6,7,8,9,10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline Foamy Virus Infection: Characterization of Experimental Infection and Prevalence of Natural Infection in Domestic Cats with and without Chronic Kidney Disease

Ledesma-Feliciano

Troyer

Zheng

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Foamy viruses (FVs) are globally prevalent retroviruses that establish apparently apathogenic lifelong infections. Feline FV (FFV) has been isolated from domestic cats with concurrent diseases, including urinary syndromes. We experimentally infected five cats with FFV to study viral kinetics and tropism, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) phenotype, urinary parameters, and histopathology. A persistent infection of primarily lymphoid tropism was detected with no evidence of immunological or hematologic perturbations. One cat with a significant negative correlation between lymphocytes and PBMC proviral load displayed an expanded FFV tissue tropism. Significantly increased blood urea nitrogen and ultrastructural kidney changes were noted in all experimentally infected cats, though chemistry parameters were not outside of normal ranges. Histopathological changes were observed in the brain, large intestine, and other tissues. In order to determine if there is an association of FFV with Chronic Kidney Disease, we additionally screened 125 Australian pet cats with and without CKD for FFV infection and found that FFV is highly prevalent in older cats, particularly in males with CKD, though this difference was not statistically significant compared to controls. Acute FFV infection was clinically silent, and while some measures indicated mild changes, there was no overt association of FFV infection with renal disease.

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Isolation of a Virus from a Cat Sarcoma in an Established Canine Melanoma Cell Line

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

Replacement of feline foamy virus bet by feline immunodeficiency virus vif yields replicative virus with novel vaccine candidate potential

Replacement of feline foamy virus bet by feline immunodeficiency virus vif yields replicative virus with novel vaccine candidate potential

Characteristics of a Virus Isolated from a Feline Fibrosarcoma

Feline Foamy Virus Infection: Characterization of Experimental Infection and Prevalence of Natural Infection in Domestic Cats with and without Chronic Kidney Disease

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