Isolation of a stem cell for neurons and glia from the mammalian neural crest

Stemple, Derek L.; Anderson, David J.

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90393-q

Cited by 755 publications

(600 citation statements)

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“…To this end, wild-type trunk NCSCs were allowed to emigrate in culture from embryonic day 9 (E9) neural tube under low oxygen conditions and subsequently treated with different concentrations of TGFb1 in defined medium for different time intervals (data not shown). On the basis of these preliminary experiments, we chose to prime NCSCs by addition of 1 ng/ml TGFb1 for 4 hours and to examine the expression of the NCSC markers p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75 NTR ) and Sox10 transcription factor [16,17] and of the bonafide marker of early osteochondrocytic lineage, Sox9 transcription factor [18,19]. As previously reported for MSCs [20], Sox9 expression was induced by TGFb1 in NCSCs after this priming period (Fig.…”

Section: Generation Of Mesenchymal Progenitors From Ncsc Cultures By mentioning

confidence: 97%

Transforming Growth Factor β-Mediated Sox10 Suppression Controls Mesenchymal Progenitor Generation in Neural Crest Stem Cells

et al. 2011

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During vertebrate development, neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) give rise to neural cells of the peripheral nervous system and to a variety of mesenchymal cell types, including smooth muscle, craniofacial chondrocytes, and osteocytes. Consistently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently been shown to derive in part from the neural crest (NC), although the mechanisms underlying MSC generation remains to be identified. Here, we show that transforming growth factor b (TGFb)-mediated suppression of the NCSC transcription factor Sox10 induces a switch in neural to mesenchymal potential in NCSCs. In vitro and in vivo, TGFb signal inactivation results in persistent Sox10 expression, decreased cell cycle exit, and perturbed generation of mesenchymal derivatives, which eventually leads to defective morphogenesis. In contrast, TGFb-mediated downregulation of Sox10 or its genetic inactivation suppresses neural potential, confers mesenchymal potential to NC cells in vitro, and promotes cell cycle exit and precocious mesenchymal differentiation in vivo. Thus, negative regulation of Sox10 by TGFb signaling promotes the generation of mesenchymal progenitors from NCSCs. Our study might lay the grounds for future applications demanding defined populations of MSCs for regenerative medicine. STEM CELLS 2011;29:689-699 Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.

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Section: Generation Of Mesenchymal Progenitors From Ncsc Cultures By mentioning

confidence: 97%

Transforming Growth Factor β-Mediated Sox10 Suppression Controls Mesenchymal Progenitor Generation in Neural Crest Stem Cells

et al. 2011

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“…To test their multipotential cell fate under other in vitro conditions, we cultured Sox10þ/Kitþ and Sox10þ/ KitÀ cells purified from embryonic neural tubes under conditions previously reported (Stemple and Anderson, 1992;Morrison et al, 1999). Sox10þ/Kitþ cells isolated from the E10.5 embryonic neural tube generated TuJ-1-positive N under those conditions, as did Sox10þ/KitÀ cells (Fig.…”

Section: Developmental Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A recent finding that NCderived Schwann cells are developmentally progeny for follicular melanocytes (Adameyko et al, 2009) clearly demonstrates the multipotential capability of seemingly differentiated cells. It should be emphasized that distinctive NC stem cell populations are also present even in the later developmental stages (Stemple and Anderson, 1992;Morrison et al, 1999;Kruger et al, 2002;Fernandes et al, 2004;Pardal et al, 2007), probably indicating the importance of these stem cell populations for the homeostatic maintenance of NCderived cells in each part of the body. Currently, we do not have any evidence showing the significance of the multipotential capacity of NC cells after lineage restriction.…”

Section: Developmental Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies suggest that migratory NC cells are fate-restricted precursors that give rise to 1 or 2 cell types. On the other hand, multipotent NC stem cells are maintained even in adult rodent tissues, being found in adult sciatic nerve, gut, skin, and carotid bodies, where NC cells have migrated and are able to differentiate into components such as N or G or M (Stemple and Anderson, 1992;Morrison et al, 1999;Kruger et al, 2002;Fernandes et al, 2004;Pardal et al, 2007). The relevance of NC stem cells among migrating NC cells, as well as the origin of terminally maintained NC stem cells, is still obscure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural crest cells retain their capability for multipotential differentiation even after lineage‐restricted stages

Motohashi

Yamanaka

Chiba

et al. 2011

Developmental Dynamics

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Multipotency of neural crest cells (NC cells) is thought to be a transient phase at the early stage of their generation; after NC cells emerge from the neural tube, they are specified into the lineage‐restricted precursors. We analyzed the differentiation of early‐stage NC‐like cells derived from Sox10‐IRES‐Venus ES cells, where the expression of Sox10 can be visualized with a fluorescent protein. Unexpectedly, both the Sox10+/Kit− cells and the Sox10+/Kit+ cells, which were restricted in vivo to the neuron (N)‐glial cell (G) lineage and melanocyte (M) lineage, respectively, generated N, G, and M, showing that they retain multipotency. We generated mice from the Sox10‐IRES‐Venus ES cells and analyzed the differentiation of their NC cells. Both the Sox10+/Kit− cells and Sox10+/Kit+ cells isolated from these mice formed colonies containing N, G, and M, showing that they are also multipotent. These findings suggest that NC cells retain multipotency even after the initial lineage‐restricted stages. Developmental Dynamics 240:1681–1693, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…expression of the low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 NTR /CD271 (9) and the transcription factor Sox10 (11). When grown in a rich medium containing serum or chicken embryo extract, these cells differentiate into a number of neural crest derivatives.…”

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confidence: 99%

In Vitro Derivation of Melanocytes from Embryonic Neural Crest Stem Cells

Shakhova

Sommer

2015

Methods in Molecular Biology

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During development, melanocyte progenitors originate from the neural crest, a transient embryonic structure in vertebrates that gives rise to a variety of cell types including neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, smooth muscle cells of the cardiovascular system, chondrocytes and osteoblasts of the craniofacial elements, and pigment cells in the skin. In this chapter, we describe a method for the differentiation of multipotent embryonic neural crest stem cells into differentiated pigmented melanocytes by using in vitro explant culture system. This protocol allows the dissection of genetic and cellular mechanisms regulating neural crest stem cell and melanocyte development. Based on this knowledge it is possible to make predictions about processes that might also be implicated in melanoma initiation and progression. AbstractIn recent years, it has become apparent that the mechanisms by which cancer cells self--renew, migrate and invade, resemble their embryonic counterparts and that during the steps of the initiation and progression cancer cells can reprogram into embryonic--like cells (1, 2). Melanoma is one of the most aggressive human cancers and it is believed to originate from the genetic deregulation of the cells of the melanocytic lineage. As many other cancers, melanoma cells display the expression of developmental genes and can be reprogrammed when exposed to embryonic environment (3, 4). During development, melanocyte progenitors originate from the neural crest, a transient embryonic structure in vertebrates that gives rise to a variety of cell types including neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, smooth muscle cells of the cardiovascular system, chondrocytes and osteoblasts of the craniofacial elements, and pigment cells in the skin. In this chapter, we describe a method for the differentiation of embryonic neural crest stem cells into melanocytes. This protocol allows the dissection of genetic and cellular mechanisms regulating neural crest stem cell and melanocyte development. Based on this knowledge it is possible to make predictions about processes that might also be implicated in melanoma initiation and progression.

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Isolation of a stem cell for neurons and glia from the mammalian neural crest

Cited by 755 publications

References 57 publications

Transforming Growth Factor β-Mediated Sox10 Suppression Controls Mesenchymal Progenitor Generation in Neural Crest Stem Cells

Transforming Growth Factor β-Mediated Sox10 Suppression Controls Mesenchymal Progenitor Generation in Neural Crest Stem Cells

Neural crest cells retain their capability for multipotential differentiation even after lineage‐restricted stages

In Vitro Derivation of Melanocytes from Embryonic Neural Crest Stem Cells

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