Isolation of a new diarrhetic shellfish poison from Irish mussels

Hu, Tingmo; Doyle, Jacqueline; Jackson, David W.; Marr, J. C.; Nixon, Eugene R.; Pleasance, Stephen; Quilliam, Michael A.; Walter, John A.; Wright, Jeffrey L. C.

doi:10.1039/c39920000039

Cited by 109 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Although numerous structural variations of domoic acid (Figure ld) [9,10], a glutamic acid agonist, have been described, their importance as naturally occurring algal toxins is negligible. The most important DSP toxins [11 16], which have a polyether structure [17], belong to the "okadaic acid type' (Figure le), where R1 is a hydroxy group. R2 can be hydrogen or an acyl group from different fatty acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous analysis of different algal toxins by LC-MS

et al. 2002

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Key WordsColumn liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning Amnesic shellfish poisoning Brevetoxins and pectenotoxins Spirohdes and gymnodimine SummaryA method is proposed for the simultaneous determination of amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) toxin, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins, spirohdes, azaspiracids (AZP), pectenotoxins (PTX), brevetoxins (PbTx), and gymnodimine. After extraction of all these toxins with one solvent only the crude extract is subjected directly to reversed-phase LC-MS with atmospheric-pressure ionization.The method was applied to bulk plankton samples obtained during a research cruise off the east coast of Scotland in May 2000. Contamination of plankton samples from one spot with different toxins from a va riel",/of g rou ps was determined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous analysis of different algal toxins by LC-MS

et al. 2002

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“…The OA group also includes a sub-group of compounds collectively referred to as the OA diol-esters. This sub-group, resulting from acylation of the OA carboxyl group with various unsaturated diols, was discovered in cultures of Prorocentrum lima Hu et al, 1992b;Norte et al, 1994;Fernandez et al, 2003) and of Pagophyllum maculosum (Hu et al, 1992b). These allylic diol-esters appear to be derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of longer chain sulfated esters named DTX4 and DTX5 (Hu et al, 1995a,b) through the action of esterases in the Prorocentrum cell (Quilliam et al, 1996;Windust et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxin profiles of five geographical isolates of Dinophysis spp. from North and South America

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et al. 2011

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a b s t r a c tMarine dinoflagellates of the genus Dinophysis can produce toxins of the okadaic acid (OA) and pectenotoxin (PTX) groups. These lipophilic toxins accumulate in filter-feeding shellfish and cause an illness in consumers called diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). In 2008, a bloom of Dinophysis led to the closure of shellfish harvesting areas along the Texas coast, one of the first DSP-related closures in the U.S. This event resulted in a broad study of toxin production in isolates of Dinophysis spp. from U.S. waters. In the present study, we compared toxin profiles in geographical isolates of Dinophysis collected in the U.S. (Eel Pond, Woods Hole MA; Martha's Vineyard, MA; and Port Aransas Bay, Texas), and in those from Canada (Blacks Harbour, Bay of Fundy) and Chile (Reloncavi Estuary), when cultured in the laboratory under the same conditions. For each isolate, the mitochondrial cox1 gene was sequenced to assist in species identification. Strains from the northeastern U.S. and Canada were all assigned to Dinophysis acuminata, while those from Chile and Texas were most likely within the D. acuminata complex whereas precise species designation could not be made with this marker. Toxins were detected in all Dinophysis isolates and each isolate had a different profile. Toxin profiles of isolates from Eel Pond, Martha's Vineyard, and Bay of Fundy were most similar, in that they all contained OA, DTX1, and PTX2. The Eel Pond isolate also contained OA-D8 and DTX1-D7, and low levels (unconfirmed structurally) of DTX1-D8 and DTX1-D9. D. acuminata from Martha's Vineyard produced DTX1-D7, along with OA, DTX1, and PTX2, as identified in both the cells and the culture medium. D. acuminata from the Bay of Fundy produced DTX1 and PTX2, as found in both cells and culture medium, while only trace amounts of OA were detected in the medium. The Dinophysis strain from Texas only produced OA, and the one from Chile only PTX2, as confirmed in both cells and culture medium.Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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“…The proposed protocol can be performed totally automatically and enables fast and sensitive analysis of large sample numbers. The recovery of the entire method protocol (consisting of extraction, clean-up and LC/MS determination) was approximately 70 % with good repeatability (standard deviation ranging from 1.9 % to 5.0 % in the concentration range analyzed).From a human perspective, important DSP toxins are the lipid-soluble, polyether compounds okadaic acid (OA) and their methylated and acylated analogues dinophysistoxins (DTX1 and DTX3, respectively) ( Figure 1) [2,3,6,7]. Additionally, neutral polyether lactones (pectenotoxins, PTX1 and PTX3) and long-chain yessotoxins are often included as part of the "DSP toxin complex", although the symptomology and origin of the compounds are distinct from the analogues of OA.…”

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Use of gel permeation chromatography for automatic and rapid extract clean-up for the determination of diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSP) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

et al. 2000

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SummaryA new analytical technique was established to improve the performance of DSP toxin determination in different sample matrices. High performance size exclusion chromatography (gel permeation chromatography, SEC) was applied for the clean-up of raw extracts from algal cells and mussel tissue prior to the determination of DSP toxins by LC/MS. The proposed protocol can be performed totally automatically and enables fast and sensitive analysis of large sample numbers. The recovery of the entire method protocol (consisting of extraction, clean-up and LC/MS determination) was approximately 70 % with good repeatability (standard deviation ranging from 1.9 % to 5.0 % in the concentration range analyzed).From a human perspective, important DSP toxins are the lipid-soluble, polyether compounds okadaic acid (OA) and their methylated and acylated analogues dinophysistoxins (DTX1 and DTX3, respectively) ( Figure 1) [2,3,6,7]. Additionally, neutral polyether lactones (pectenotoxins, PTX1 and PTX3) and long-chain yessotoxins are often included as part of the "DSP toxin complex", although the symptomology and origin of the compounds are distinct from the analogues of OA. The history of DSP determination started with biological methods such as mouse bioassays, and later evolved towards biochemical techniques including immuno-assays (ELISA) [10][11][12][13][14]. Although such bioassays allow an effective monitoring of shellfish for human consumption in affected areas, they generally reveal little information about the chemical structure of the toxic agents. Analytical chemists have been challenged to develop physico-chemical methods for the determination of DSP toxins because of increasing public reservations against whole animal testing, particularly in Europe. The most common chemical methods are based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. The DSP toxins do not show appreciable UV absorption or natural fluorescence, therefore the most significant challenge to the determination of DSP toxins was the development of reliable

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Isolation of a new diarrhetic shellfish poison from Irish mussels

Abstract: A new marine toxin dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX-2) 4, isolated from toxic Irish mussels and biogenetically related to the toxins okadaic acid 1 and dinophysistoxin-I (DTX-1) 2, the principal agents responsible for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), is reported.

Cited by 109 publications

References 5 publications

Simultaneous analysis of different algal toxins by LC-MS

Simultaneous analysis of different algal toxins by LC-MS

Toxin profiles of five geographical isolates of Dinophysis spp. from North and South America

Use of gel permeation chromatography for automatic and rapid extract clean-up for the determination of diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSP) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

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