Isolation, Molecular Identification and Mycotoxin Profile of Fusarium Species Isolated from Maize Kernels in Iran

Fallahi, Maryam; Saremi, Hossein; Javan‐Nikkhah, Mohammad; Somma, Stefania; Haidukowski, Miriam; Logrieco, Antonio F.; Moretti, Antonio

doi:10.3390/toxins11050297

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…F. fujikuroi does not colonize maize. F. proliferatum infects maize in some growing areas [5,11,12,15], but recent studies reported the species to be at a low abundance on maize in Poland [14], and essentially missing from maize in Germany [50]. Because the melting curves of sRPB2 and sTEF-1α cannot distinguish between F. proliferatum and F. temperatum, an additional amplicon would be needed for the extension of the assay to F. proliferatum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Melting (HRM) Curve Assay for the Identification of Eight Fusarium Species Causing Ear Rot in Maize

et al. 2020

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Maize plants are often infected with fungal pathogens of the genus Fusarium. Taxonomic characterization of these species by microscopic examination of pure cultures or assignment to mating populations is time-consuming and requires specific expertise. Reliable taxonomic assignment may be strengthened by the analysis of DNA sequences. Species-specific PCR assays are available for most Fusarium pathogens, but the number of species that infect maize increases the labor and costs required for analysis. In this work, a diagnostic assay for major Fusarium pathogens of maize based on the analysis of melting curves of PCR amplicons was established. Short segments of genes RPB2 and TEF-1α, which have been widely used in molecular taxonomy of Fusarium, were amplified with universal primers in a real-time thermocycler and high-resolution melting (HRM) curves of the products were recorded. Among major Fusarium pathogens of maize ears, F. cerealis, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. equiseti, F. poae, F. temperatum, F. tricinctum, and F. verticillioides, all species except for the pair F. culmorum/F. graminearum could be distinguished by HRM analysis of a 304 bp segment of the RPB2 gene. The latter two species could be differentiated by HRM analysis of a 247 bp segment of the TEF-1α gene. The assay was validated with DNA extracted from pure cultures of fungal strains, successfully applied to total DNA extracted from infected maize ears and also to fungal mycelium that was added directly to the PCR master mix (“colony PCR”). HRM analysis thus offers a cost-efficient method suitable for the diagnosis of multiple fungal pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Melting (HRM) Curve Assay for the Identification of Eight Fusarium Species Causing Ear Rot in Maize

et al. 2020

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“…Fusarium udum is known as the causal agent of a wilt disease on pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) in tropical regions (Pfenning et al, 2018). However, as other Fusarium species such as F. proliferatum (Fallahi et al, 2019), F. concentricum (Fotso et al, 2002), Fusarium subglutinans (Meca et al, 2009) and F. temperatum (Fallahi et al, 2019), F. udum (Moretti et al, 2007) produces fusaproliferin (FUS), a toxic compound to insect and mammalian cells which causes teratogenic effects in chicken embryos. The fungus causing wilt can survive on infected plant debris in soil for about 2 to 3 years, and it is responsible for causing 16 to 47% yield loss under favorable environmental conditions (Srivastava et al, 2018).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Fungal Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Biolog® Identification System for Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi Associated with Maize (Zea mays L.) Contamination in Romania

Smeu¹,

Cucu²,

Dobre³

et al. 2020

UASVMCN-AGR

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Cereals are very susceptible to fungal attacks. Fungi have a unique biochemical pathway to assimilate a vast array of available substrates and produce toxic secondary metabolites, such as mycotoxins, which represent a clear public health concern. In this context, a maize survey was conducted in order to assess the diversity of mycotoxin-producing fungi. Low levels of total aflatoxins, acceptable by the European Union, were detected in maize samples. A semi-automated Biolog® Microbial Identification System was used for the identification of the fungal strains. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the quantification of total aflatoxins. The results indicated that Fusarium udum and Rhizopus oryzae were the prevalent fungi for the assessed maize samples, while both control and treated samples showed low levels of total aflatoxins, which did not exceed 1.5 μg kg-1. The registered total aflatoxin concentrations were consistent with the European regulations.

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“…On the other hand, the knowledge of the transmission path of F. graminearum and F. proliferatum from seeds to seedlings is poor and controversial, although some papers report that the latter species shares a similar disease cycle with F. verticillioides [8]. Indeed, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides have been often reported as associated in colonizing maize plants worldwide [8][9][10][11][12]. F. proliferatum is a ubiquitous species, able to colonize a wide range of important agricultural crops besides maize and other cereals, such as vegetables and fruit trees [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Technology Increases the Efficacy of Prothioconazole against Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium proliferatum Contamination of Maize (Zea mays) Seedlings

Masiello

Somma

Porto

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The contamination of maize by Fusarium species able to produce mycotoxins raises great concern worldwide since they can accumulate these toxic metabolites in field crop products. Furthermore, little information exists today on the ability of Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium graminearum, two well know mycotoxigenic species, to translocate from the seeds to the plants up to the kernels. Marketing seeds coated with fungicide molecules is a common practice; however, since there is a growing need for reducing chemicals in agriculture, new eco-friendly strategies are increasingly tested. Technologies based on ionized gases, known as plasmas, have been used for decades, with newer material surfaces, products, and approaches developed continuously. In this research, we tested a plasma-generated bilayer coating for encapsulating prothioconazole at the surface of maize seeds, to protect them from F. graminearum and F. proliferatum infection. A minimum amount of chemical was used, in direct contact with the seeds, with no dispersion in the soil. The ability of F. graminearum and F. proliferatum species to translocate from seeds to seedlings of maize has been clearly proven in our in vitro experiments. As for the use of plasma technology, the combined use of the plasma-generated coating with embedded prothioconazole was the most efficient approach, with a higher reduction of the infection of the maize seminal root system and stems. The debated capability of the two Fusarium species to translocate from seeds to seedlings has been demonstrated. The plasma-generated coating with embedded prothioconazole resulted in a promising sustainable approach for the protection of maize seedlings.

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Isolation, Molecular Identification and Mycotoxin Profile of Fusarium Species Isolated from Maize Kernels in Iran

Cited by 32 publications

References 35 publications

High-Resolution Melting (HRM) Curve Assay for the Identification of Eight Fusarium Species Causing Ear Rot in Maize

High-Resolution Melting (HRM) Curve Assay for the Identification of Eight Fusarium Species Causing Ear Rot in Maize

Application of the Biolog® Identification System for Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi Associated with Maize (Zea mays L.) Contamination in Romania

Plasma Technology Increases the Efficacy of Prothioconazole against Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium proliferatum Contamination of Maize (Zea mays) Seedlings

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