Isolation, Identification, and Function of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa TZR2014 and Its Effects on the Growth and Health of Weaned Piglets

Abstract

A red yeast isolated from orange and grape soil and identified by the 26S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that it was Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and named TZR2014. Its biomass and carotenoid production reached a maximum when using the fermentation medium with pH 6.0, containing 5% glucose, 1% peptone, and 1.5% yeast powder. TZR2014 was resistant to 55°C for 15 min, 0.2% pig bile salts for 4 h, and artificial gastric and intestinal fluids. A total of thirty 28-day weaned pigs were divided into three groups, and the piglets were fed a basal diet (CON), a basal diet and orally administered 1 ml 1.0 × 1010 CFU/ml Candida utilis DSM 2361 three times (C. utilis), or a basal diet and orally administered 1 ml 1.0 × 1010 CFU/mL TZR2014 three times daily (R. mucilaginosa) for 4 weeks. Compared with the piglets in the CON group, those in the C. utilis or R. mucilaginosa group reported an increased average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake (P < 0.05) and a decreased feed/gain (P < 0.05). The diarrhea rate of piglets in the R. mucilaginosa group was lower than that in the CON and C. utilis groups (P < 0.05). Compared with that in the CON and C. utilis groups, the R. mucilaginosa group reported an increased ileum villus height (P < 0.05), serum concentration of total antioxidant content, total superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase and pepsin and lipase activities in the intestinal content, while it reported a decreased serum concentration of malondialdehyde and pH of the intestinal tract (P < 0.05). The relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Megasphaera of caecum in the R. mucilaginosa group were lower than those in the CON and C. utilis groups (P < 0.05). The relative abundances of Prevotella, Ruminococcaceae, Succinivibrio, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and Roseburia of caecum in the R. mucilaginosa group were higher than those in the CON and C. utilis groups (P < 0.05). R. mucilaginosa TZR2014 can produce carotenoids and adapts to the animal's gastrointestinal environment. Oral R. mucilaginosa TZR2014 improved growth performance, enhanced antioxidant capacity, strengthened gastrointestinal digestion, and maintained the intestinal microbiological balance of piglets.

The gut mycobiome signatures in long-lived populations

“…Nonetheless, most of the fungal taxa have not been well studied and their potential roles in the health and disease of the host are almost unknown. 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 These data highlight that unique fungal features exist in the long-lived group. We further performed machine learning analysis based on Random Forest (RF) to build a mycobiome-based group-classifying model to differentiate long-lived individuals from others.…”

Gut mycobiome core species causally modulate metabolic health in mice

“…Several of these metabolites have been previously associated with C. albicans, including being produced (cystathionine, hypotaurine, arabitol), consumed (glutamine), degraded (urate) or simply associated with its presence [37][38][39][40][41][42] , highlighting its capacity to contribute to the fecal metabolome. Some metabolites also displayed signi cant fold change with R. mucilaginosa colonization on SD only, where there were 5 increased and 4 decreased metabolites, including mannitol and glucose, which are known to be consumed by this yeast 43 (Fig. 2F-G & Table S4).…”

Carcass Yield and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicks Supplemented with Yeasts Bioproducts

“…Previous studies indicate an active/inactive SC dietary supplementation improves broiler growth performance [11,17,18], immunity response [13], carcass yield [17], and meat quality [19,20]. Scientific evidence for using RM on broiler chick feed is very limited [21], but recent studies suggest that it could have growth promoting, health promoting, and production quality effects on laying hens [22], fish [23], and swine [24].…”