Isolation, identification and characterization of camelpox virus in Iraq

Falluji, M. M. Al; Tantawi, H. H.; Shony, M. O.

doi:10.1017/s002217240002605x

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Involvement of arthropod vector may also be the potential source which needs to be investigated. The other factors which influences the occurrence of the disease includes age, stress, nutritional status of the animals, season, migration of animals, presence of other diseases in incubation phase and of course the virulence of the virus (Davies et al, 1975;Jezek et al, 1983;Al Hendi et al, 1994).…”

Section: Environmental and Other Predisposing Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CMLV and parapox antibodies never cross react and infections of camel orf and camelpox can be distinguished using serological methods. Several serological tests are available to identify camelpox which had been given in detail for detection of CMLV antibodies (Al Hendi et al, 1994;Marrenikova et al, 1974;Schgal, 1977;Davies et al, 1975;Tantawi et al, 1978;Al-Falluji et al, 1979;Azwai et al, 1996). SNT is the routinely used confirmatory test for OPV diagnosis in majority of laboratories (Boulther et al, 1971).…”

Section: Serological Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Camelpox and Buffalopox: Two Emerging and Re-emerging Orthopox Viral Diseases of India

Prabhu¹

2015

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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| World Health Assembly declared that the world is free from smallpox virus infection and vaccination against smallpox is not recommended since May 8, 1980. Since then several incidences of infections due to poxvirus reported in different parts of the world in humans and animals and the trend has now been increasing. In India, camelpox and buffalopox are the two important Orthopoxvirus (OPV) infections considered as emerging public health concern since last decade due to augmented reports of outbreaks and isolated cases. Both are highly contagious zoonotic viral diseases. Camelpox is an economically important, notifiable skin disease of camelids and could be used as a potential bio-warfare agent. Though, vaccines are available in few countries, this disease has received much attention in present days due to emergence of infections in human beings. Buffalopox is also causing tangible and intangible losses in affected herds which has no commercial vaccines at field to protect. Hence, novel, specific, sensitive, rapid and cost-effective diagnostic techniques would be useful in identification, thereby early implementations of therapeutic and preventives measures to curtail these diseases. This review provides an overview on the epidemiology, clinical picture, biology, diagnostic approaches and the preventive measures on the two emerging and re-emerging disease of India viz. camelpox and buffalopox.

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Section: Environmental and Other Predisposing Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Serological Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Camelpox and Buffalopox: Two Emerging and Re-emerging Orthopox Viral Diseases of India

Prabhu¹

2015

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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“…The results confirmed the identity of CPV isolates used in the present study since the test gave a neutralization index of 1.4; similar to results obtained by Khalafalla et al (1998). Support for that neutralization test is confirmatory test for CPV infection has been provided by the findings of Davies et al (1975) and AL-Falluji et al (1979), who stated that virus isolation in cell culture followed by neutralization test is the best and accurate method of diagnosis of CPV. However, in this study it was regarded as a time-consuming technique requiring 2-3 weeks to be accomplished.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of camel pox and vaccinia viruses by polymerase chain reaction

Ali

Khalafalla

Nimir

2009

Trop Anim Health Prod

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PCR following two methods of DNA extraction was used to confirm the growth of camel pox virus (CPV) and vaccinia virus in cell culture and chorioallantoic membrane. Results were compared with the commonly used neutralization test. The first method of DNA extraction was accomplished by using viral DNA in tissue culture supernatant and Chorioallantoic membrane, which was released by initial heating for 15 min at 99 degrees C followed by ordinary PCR. In the second method DNA was extracted by using DNA Isolation Kit from tissue culture supernatant and used as a template. Rapid identification and differentiation of CPV and Vaccinia virus were achieved by PCR and this assay proved to be fast and feasible, and can be an alternative to orthodox serological methods.

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“…This virus resembled cowpox virus but was different from the mousepox virus, ectromelia [50]. Smallpox-like viruses were also isolated from camels in the former USSR, Iran, Iraq, Egypt, Somalia and Kenya [51][52][53][54][55][56]. The characteristics of the virus isolates as analyzed by pock formation and ceiling temperature in chorioallantoic membranes, hemagglutinin activity, and serology showed that the virus was quite similar to certain strains of variola and was classified as an orthopoxvirus (variola-vaccinia species).…”

Section: Orthopoxviruses Isolated From Animals During the Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

When good vaccines go wild: Feral Orthopoxvirus in developing countries and beyond

Moussatché

Damaso

McFadden

2008

J Infect Dev Ctries

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The presence of zoonotic poxviruses in nature represents a potential human health risk that has to be re-evaluated by health authorities not only in developing countries, but also in many developed countries. For example, buffalopox virus infection remains to be a threat to humans and cattle in India, and monkeypox virus infection persists in several inhabited places in Africa and, more recently, in the USA. There are also a great number of zoonotic transmissions of cowpox virus from cats to humans in Europe. For almost a decade in Brazil, vaccinia-like viruses have been isolated from human and cattle infections. This review examines the ability of potentially pathogenic orthopoxviruses, including feral versions of vaccinia virus vaccine, to persist in nature and re-emerge for reasons we do not yet understand.

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Isolation, identification and characterization of camelpox virus in Iraq

Cited by 26 publications

References 9 publications

Camelpox and Buffalopox: Two Emerging and Re-emerging Orthopox Viral Diseases of India

Camelpox and Buffalopox: Two Emerging and Re-emerging Orthopox Viral Diseases of India

Detection of camel pox and vaccinia viruses by polymerase chain reaction

When good vaccines go wild: Feral Orthopoxvirus in developing countries and beyond

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