Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of One Degradation Product in Ambroxol by HPLC-Hyphenated Techniques

Thummala, Veera Raghava Raju; Ivaturi, Mrutyunjaya Rao; Nittala, Someswara Rao

doi:10.3797/scipharm.1310-21

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…After incubation for 7 days, portions of the culture (10%, v/v) were transferred to fresh MSM supplemented with 200 mg/L malachite green and incubated for another 7 days. A third passage was carried out in MSM containing 300 mg/L malachite green 26 . The sludge sample was designated as JWY, and the three generations of enrichment cultures were designated as JW1, JW2, and JW3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathway and kinetics of malachite green biodegradation by Pseudomonas veronii

Song

Han

Wang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Malachite green is a common environmental pollutant that poses a great threat to non-target organisms, including humans. This study reports the characterization of a bacterial strain, Pseudomonas veronii JW3-6, which was isolated from a malachite green enrichment culture. This strain degraded malachite green efficiently in a wide range of temperature and pH levels. Under optimal degradation conditions (32.4 °C, pH 7.1, and inoculum amount of 2.5 × 10 7 cfu/mL), P. veronii JW3-6 could degrade 93.5% of 50 mg/L malachite green within seven days. Five intermediate products from the degradation of malachite green were identified: leucomalachite green, 4-(dimethylamino) benzophenone, 4-dimethylaminophenol, benzaldehyde, and hydroquinone. We propose a possible degradation pathway based on these findings. The present study is the first to report the degradation of malachite green by P. veronii and the identification of hydroquinone as a metabolite in the degradation pathway.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathway and kinetics of malachite green biodegradation by Pseudomonas veronii

Song

Han

Wang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…After 3 days, the rapidly growing colonies were picked up and purified by repeated streaking method at 15 °C. 16 The nicosulfuron-degrading ability of the isolates was detected by a HPLC system (1260, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA) equipped with a Hypersil ODS2 C 18 (4.0 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) reversed-phase column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile/distilled water/ acetic acid (70/30/0.1 V/V/V), and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the cultures were spread on MSM agar plates supplemented with 100 mg/L of nicosulfuron as the carbon source, and the plates were incubated at 15 °C. After 3 days, the rapidly growing colonies were picked up and purified by repeated streaking method at 15 °C . The nicosulfuron-degrading ability of the isolates was detected by a HPLC system (1260, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA) equipped with a Hypersil ODS2 C 18 (4.0 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) reversed-phase column.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicosulfuron Biodegradation by a Novel Cold-Adapted Strain Oceanisphaera psychrotolerans LAM-WHM-ZC

Zhou

Song

Dong

et al. 2017

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Nicosulfuron is a common environmental pollutant, posing a great threat to aquatic systems and causing significant damage to crops. This study reported a cold-adapted strain Oceanisphaera psychrotolerans LAM-WHM-ZC, which efficiently degrades nicosulfuron over a wide range of temperatures (5 to 40 °C). The Box-Behnken design method was used to optimize the degradation conditions. O. psychrotolerans LAM-WHM-ZC can degrade 92.4% and 74.6% of initially supplemented 100 mg/L nicosulfuron under the optimum and low temperature of 18.1 and 5 °C, respectively, within 7 days. O. psychrotolerans LAM-WHM-ZC was found to be highly efficient in degrading cinosulfuron, chlorsulfuron, rimsulfuron, bensulfuron methyl, and ethametsulfuron methyl. Metabolites from nicosulfuron degradation were identified by UPLC-MS, and a possible degradation pathway was proposed. Furthermore, O. psychrotolerans LAM-WHM-ZC can also degrade nicosulfuron in soil; 78.6% and 67.4% of the initial nicosulfuron supplemented at 50 mg/kg were removed at 18.1 and 5 °C, respectively, within 15 days.

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“…A large number of factors can affect the stability of a pharmaceutical product, that includes manufacturing process, stability of the molecule, storage conditions (temperature, exposure to light and humidity), as well as chemical reactions such as oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and racemization, which could occur after dilution of the drug before administration. The analyses carried out allowed not only the determination of the stability of the four drugs studied, but also the exclusion of degradation products, and impurities already known in literature for all tested drugs [12,15,16,21] (Figure 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%