Isolation, extraction, and measurement of acetylcholine from Lactobacillus plantarum

Stanaszek, P. M.; Snell, J. F.; O’Neill, J. J.

doi:10.1128/aem.34.2.237-239.1977

Cited by 47 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium can metabolize glutamate to produce GABA, a major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain 68,134 and modulator of gut functions. 135 Various enteric bacteria are also able to synthesize and release nitric oxide, 136 acetylcholine, 137 noradrenaline, 138 and dopamine. 139 The emerging field of "psychobiotics" 140,141 proposes to manipulate these neurotransmitter-producing bacteria to regulate gut and brain function.…”

Section: Immune and Neurotransmitter Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbes and metabolites as modulators of blood-brain barrier integrity and brain health

2019

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The human gastrointestinal (gut) microbiota comprises diverse and dynamic populations of bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, coexisting in a mutualistic relationship with the host. When intestinal homeostasis is perturbed, the function of the gastrointestinal tract and other organ systems, including the brain, can be compromised. The gut microbiota is proposed to contribute to blood-brain barrier disruption and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. While progress is being made, a better understanding of interactions between gut microbes and host cells, and the impact these have on signaling from gut to brain is now required. In this review, we summarise current evidence of the impact gut microbes and their metabolites have on blood-brain barrier integrity and brain function, and the communication networks between the gastrointestinal tract and brain, which they may modulate. We also discuss the potential of microbiota modulation strategies as therapeutic tools for promoting and restoring brain health.

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Section: Immune and Neurotransmitter Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbes and metabolites as modulators of blood-brain barrier integrity and brain health

2019

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“…Gut bacteria contribute to the proper function of gut-brain axis by producing neurotransmitters, such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine, histamine and acetylcholine (179). Particularly, Lactobacillus can produce multiple neurotransmitters, such as GABA (180)(181)(182)(183)(184)(185)(186), serotonin (181), catecholamines (181), dopamine (181), and acetylcholine (187). Different probiotic Lactobacillus strains have been reported to confer beneficial effects on mental health, acting as "psychobiotics, " including L. paracasei (188), L. helveticus (189,190), L. plantarum (165,191), and L. rhamnosus (192).…”

Section: Neurotransmittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraprobiotics and Postbiotics of Probiotic Lactobacilli, Their Positive Effects on the Host and Action Mechanisms: A Review

et al. 2020

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Lactobacilli comprise an important group of probiotics for both human and animals. The emerging concern regarding safety problems associated with live microbial cells is enhancing the interest in using cell components and metabolites derived from probiotic strains. Here, we define cell structural components and metabolites of probiotic bacteria as paraprobiotics and postbiotics, respectively. Paraprobiotics and postbiotics produced from Lactobacilli consist of a wide range of molecules including peptidoglycans, surface proteins, cell wall polysaccharides, secreted proteins, bacteriocins, and organic acids, which mediate positive effect on the host, such as immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, antimicrobial, and barrier-preservation effects. In this review, we systematically summarize the paraprobiotics and postbiotics derived from Lactobacilli and their beneficial functions. We also discuss the mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects on the host, and their interaction with the host cells. This review may boost our understanding on the benefits and molecular mechanisms associated with paraprobiotics and probiotics from Lactobacilli, which may promote their applications in humans and animals.

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“…Indeed, 95 % of all serotonin synthesis occurs in the GIT, which influences its availability in the brain (O’Mahony et al, 2015). There is also evidence suggesting that L. plantarum can produce acetylcholine (Stanaszek et al, 1977), Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus spp. can produce micromolar concentrations of GABA (Barrett et al, 2012) and histamine may be produced by several gram-negative species (Devalia et al, 1989).…”

Section: Microbiota and The Gut-brain-axismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gut Microbiota Links Dietary Polyphenols With Management of Psychiatric Mood Disorders

Westfall

Pasinetti

2019

Front. Neurosci.

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The pathophysiology of depression is multifactorial yet generally aggravated by stress and its associated physiological consequences. To effectively treat these diverse risk factors, a broad acting strategy is required and is has been suggested that gut-brain-axis signaling may play a pinnacle role in promoting resilience to several of these stress-induced changes including pathogenic load, inflammation, HPA-axis activation, oxidative stress and neurotransmitter imbalances. The gut microbiota also manages the bioaccessibility of phenolic metabolites from dietary polyphenols whose multiple beneficial properties have known therapeutic efficacy against depression. Although several potential therapeutic mechanisms of dietary polyphenols toward establishing cognitive resilience to neuropsychiatric disorders have been established, only a handful of studies have systematically identified how the interaction of the gut microbiota with dietary polyphenols can synergistically alleviate the biological signatures of depression. The current review investigates several of these potential mechanisms and how synbiotics, that combine probiotics with dietary polyphenols, may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for depression. In particular, synbiotics have the potential to alleviate neuroinflammation by modulating microglial and inflammasome activation, reduce oxidative stress and balance serotonin metabolism therefore simultaneously targeting several of the major pathological risk factors of depression. Overall, synbiotics may act as a novel therapeutic paradigm for neuropsychiatric disorders and further understanding the fundamental mechanisms of gut-brain-axis signaling will allow full utilization of the gut microbiota’s as a therapeutic tool.

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Isolation, extraction, and measurement of acetylcholine from Lactobacillus plantarum

Abstract: The isolation, extraction, and spectrophotometric determination of acetylcholine from Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 10241 is described. Acetylcholine was extracted with a mixture of sodium tetraphenylboron-butylethylketone-acetonitrile and was measured enzymatically at 340 nm.

Cited by 47 publications

References 9 publications

Gut microbes and metabolites as modulators of blood-brain barrier integrity and brain health

Gut microbes and metabolites as modulators of blood-brain barrier integrity and brain health

Paraprobiotics and Postbiotics of Probiotic Lactobacilli, Their Positive Effects on the Host and Action Mechanisms: A Review

The Gut Microbiota Links Dietary Polyphenols With Management of Psychiatric Mood Disorders

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