Isolation, culture, and delivery considerations for the use of mesenchymal stem cells in potential therapies for acute liver failure

Abstract

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a high-mortality syndrome for which liver transplantation is considered the only effective treatment option. A shortage of donor organs, high costs and surgical complications associated with immune rejection constrain the therapeutic effects of liver transplantation. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy was recognized as an alternative strategy for liver transplantation. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been used in clinical trials of several liver diseases due to their ease of acquisition, strong proliferation ability, multipotent differentiation, homing to the lesion site, low immunogenicity and anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the harvest and culture expansion strategies for BMSCs, the development of animal models of ALF of different aetiologies, the critical mechanisms of BMSC therapy for ALF and the challenge of clinical application.

Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Based Therapy against Gliomas

“…Gliomas can escape the immune system by secreting immunosuppressive agents, inhibiting T cell proliferation, and reducing immune responses. An immunotherapy strategy for treating gliomas is the administration of therapeutic genes to stimulate an immune MSCs are relatively easy to isolate, culture, expand, and differentiate in vitro, making them excellent candidates for cell therapy [17][18][19][20][21][22]. MSC collection and isolation protocols are not standardized, making it difficult to compare studies to determine the precise mechanisms of MSCs' migration.…”

The Role and Prospects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Skin Repair and Regeneration

“…The clinical value of MSCs is not only reflected in their therapeutic efficacy, but also in their advantages in terms of high proliferation ability, immunogenicity, and differentiation capacity [16]. Currently, the most used stem cells are bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, but they have some limitations, such as a decline in the number and activity of the stem cells with age [17].…”

Prognostic role of the stromal cell derived factor-1 in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure

“…Bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) are well known as cells that can differentiate into variable cell types and maintain self-renewal activity[ 4 ]. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within the bone marrow (BM) have the capacity to populate liver and differentiate into functional hepatocyte to replace damaged liver tissue[ 5 ]. Despite the extensive use of HSCs in clinical transplantation, the molecular mechanisms that govern their mobilization are still poorly understood.…”