Isolation, biochemical and serological characterisation of Plesiomonas shigelloides from freshwater in Northern Europe

Krovacek, Karel; Eriksson, Laila; González-Rey, Carlos; Rosinský, Jozef; Ciznár, I

doi:10.1016/s0147-9571(99)00058-2

Cited by 49 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Furthermore, the rate of recombination observed in P. shigelloides strains studied by these workers exceeded that of other species of the Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis) known to have a low rate homologous recombination (21,208). The ubiquitous living environment of P. shigelloides (209) and the high density of bacteria in the infected host cell are conducive to DNA exchange with cohabitating donor and recipient strains, transducing phages, and bacteria (21). Homologous recombination is thought to mediate genetic change in bacteria, giving rise to pathogenic properties, such as evasion of the immune response and dissemination of virulence genes to other clones (208).…”

Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 85%

Plesiomonas shigelloides Revisited

Janda¹,

2016

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SUMMARYAfter many years in the familyVibrionaceae, the genusPlesiomonas, represented by a single species,P. shigelloides, currently resides in the familyEnterobacteriaceae, although its most appropriate phylogenetic position may yet to be determined. Common environmental reservoirs for plesiomonads include freshwater ecosystems and estuaries and inhabitants of these aquatic environs. Long suspected as being an etiologic agent of bacterial gastroenteritis, convincing evidence supporting this conclusion has accumulated over the past 2 decades in the form of a series of foodborne outbreaks solely or partially attributable toP. shigelloides. The prevalence ofP. shigelloidesenteritis varies considerably, with higher rates reported from Southeast Asia and Africa and lower numbers from North America and Europe. Reasons for these differences may include hygiene conditions, dietary habits, regional occupations, or other unknown factors. Other human illnesses caused byP. shigelloidesinclude septicemia and central nervous system disease, eye infections, and a variety of miscellaneous ailments. For years, recognizable virulence factors potentially associated withP. shigelloidespathogenicity were lacking; however, several good candidates now have been reported, including a cytotoxic hemolysin, iron acquisition systems, and lipopolysaccharide. WhileP. shigelloidesis easy to identify biochemically, it is often overlooked in stool samples due to its smaller colony size or relatively low prevalence in gastrointestinal samples. However, one FDA-approved PCR-based culture-independent diagnostic test system to detect multiple enteropathogens (FilmArray) includesP. shigelloideson its panel. Plesiomonads produce β-lactamases but are typically susceptible to many first-line antimicrobial agents, including quinolones and carbapenems.

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Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 85%

Plesiomonas shigelloides Revisited

Janda¹,

2016

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“…Although P . shigelloides is found in water and environmental samples in both industrialized and industrializing countries [28,29], water treatment practices are likely to prevent frequent exposure in regions with adequate sanitation. Highlighting this, outbreaks of diarrheal disease thought to be due to P .…”

Section: Plesiomonas Shigelloides: Passive Environmental Immunization?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rising Dominance of Shigella sonnei: An Intercontinental Shift in the Etiology of Bacillary Dysentery

2015

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Shigellosis is the major global cause of dysentery. Shigella sonnei, which has historically been more commonly isolated in developed countries, is undergoing an unprecedented expansion across industrializing regions in Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. The precise reasons underpinning the epidemiological distribution of the various Shigella species and this global surge in S. sonnei are unclear but may be due to three major environmental pressures. First, natural passive immunization with the bacterium Plesiomonas shigelloides is hypothesized to protect populations with poor water supplies against S. sonnei. Improving the quality of drinking water supplies would, therefore, result in a reduction in P. shigelloides exposure and a subsequent reduction in environmental immunization against S. sonnei. Secondly, the ubiquitous amoeba species Acanthamoeba castellanii has been shown to phagocytize S. sonnei efficiently and symbiotically, thus allowing the bacteria access to a protected niche in which to withstand chlorination and other harsh environmental conditions in temperate countries. Finally, S. sonnei has emerged from Europe and begun to spread globally only relatively recently. A strong selective pressure from localized antimicrobial use additionally appears to have had a dramatic impact on the evolution of the S. sonnei population. We hypothesize that S. sonnei, which exhibits an exceptional ability to acquire antimicrobial resistance genes from commensal and pathogenic bacteria, has a competitive advantage over S. flexneri, particularly in areas with poorly regulated antimicrobial use. Continuing improvement in the quality of global drinking water supplies alongside the rapid development of antimicrobial resistance predicts the burden and international distribution of S. sonnei will only continue to grow. An effective vaccine against S. sonnei is overdue and may become one of our only weapons against this increasingly dominant and problematic gastrointestinal pathogen.

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“…In addition, there are also reports on plesiomonad involvement in cases of diarrhea in animals (Foster et al 2000;Jagger et al 2000;Niskanen and Salmela 2000). These microorganisms can be found in most aquatic environments (Zakhariev 1971;de Mondino et al 1995;Krovacek et al 2000). They have also been isolated from a wide range of different animals, such as shellfish, snakes, freshwater fish, goats, swine, cats, dogs, and monkeys (Davis et al 1978;Arai et al 1980;Rutala et al 1982;Bardon 1999;González et al 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular evidence of Plesiomonas shigelloides as a possible zoonotic agent

et al. 2011

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The most frequently used method for establishing epidemiological relationships between Plesiomonas shigelloides strains is O:H serotyping. However, a number of strains are not serotypeable and isolates from diverse sources can display the same serovar. Moreover, since the zoonotic nature of Plesiomonas has been suggested and this hypothesis is based on the identical serovars found in animals and humans, we intend to use four DNA-based techniques: random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR, repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR, and pulsed field gel electrophoresis in order to screen 24 strains belonging to nine O:H serovars isolated from humans, animals, and the environment. In general, P. shigelloides showed a high genetic heterogeneity. Three pairs of strains, each containing a human and an animal isolate, displayed similar genotypes. This is the first report that provides molecular evidence that P. shigelloides may be zoonotic.

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Isolation, biochemical and serological characterisation of Plesiomonas shigelloides from freshwater in Northern Europe

Cited by 49 publications

References 21 publications

Plesiomonas shigelloides Revisited

Plesiomonas shigelloides Revisited

The Rising Dominance of Shigella sonnei: An Intercontinental Shift in the Etiology of Bacillary Dysentery

Molecular evidence of Plesiomonas shigelloides as a possible zoonotic agent

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