Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Gymnemic Acids, Antisweet Principles of Gymnema sylvestre.

Liu, Hong Min; Kiuchi, Fumiyuki; Tsuda, Yoshisuke

doi:10.1248/cpb.40.1366

Cited by 104 publications

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“…In this study, we extracted some saponin fractions from GI leaves by modifying the extraction technique employed for GS [7]. As the first step to clarify the pharmacological activity of some fractions extracted from GI leaves, we examined the pharmacological effects of the extracts (F-I, F-II, F-III and F-IV) which were obtained by HPLC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The yield of each fraction from the dried leaves of GI was 4.60, 6.75, 1.11 and 0.33 g/kg, respectively. Gymnemic acids extracted from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre (GS) is one of triterpene saponins [14] and consists of some compounds [7]. On the pharmacological action, crude components separated from the leaves of GS inhibits glucose absorption from the intestinal tract and suppresses the increase in glucose level in oral glucose tolerance tests in rat [16,17].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Suppression of Glucose Absorption by Extracts from the Leaves of Gymnema inodorum.

Shimizu

Ozeki

Tanaka

et al. 1997

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Gymnema sylvestre (GS) is one of the Asclepiad strains that grows in South-east Asia. Their therapeutic effects for treating diabetes mellitus, rheumatic arthritis and gout have been well known for a long time. However, the problem is that GS suppresses sweetness and tastes bitter. For this study, we chose Gymnema inodorum (GI) instead of GS, since it has an advantage that it does not suppress sweetness nor is it bitter in taste. In this paper, effects of glucose availability of some saponin fractions (F-I to F-IV) extracted from GI leaves, which were obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography were studied on a high K + -induced contraction of guinea-pig intestinal smooth muscle, O 2 consumption on guinea-pig ileum, glucose-evoked transmural potential difference (∆PD) of guinea-pig everted intestine and blood glucose level in glucose tolerance tests on rats. The extracts of GI leaves suppressed the intestinal smooth muscle contraction, decreased the O 2 consumption, inhibited the glucose evoked-transmural potential, and prevented the blood glucose level. Our studies suggest that the component of GI inhibits the increase in the blood glucose level by interfering with the intestinal glucose absorption process. -KEY WORDS: glucose tolerance test, Gymnema inodorum leaf, muscle contraction, oxygen consumption, transmural potential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of Glucose Absorption by Extracts from the Leaves of Gymnema inodorum.

Shimizu

Ozeki

Tanaka

et al. 1997

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…The anti-diabetic array of molecules has been identified as a group of closely related gymnemic acids after it was successfully isolated and purified from the leaves of G. sylvestre (Liu 1992;Sinsheimer and Manni, 1965). Later, the phytoconstituents of G. sylvestre were isolated, and their chemistry and structures were studied and elucidate (Sinsheimer and Manni, 1965;Sinsheimer et al, 1970;Yoshikawa et al, 1989;Yoshikawa et al, 1992).…”

Section: Chemical Constituents and Bioactive Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such failure is evident in a majority of patients after 10 years treatment with sulfonylurea, a widely used class of drugs that stimulate insulin release by closure of B-cell K-ATP channel (DeFronzo, 1999;Brown et al, 2004). Herbal medicines known to be useful in diabetes treatment may be able to lead to compounds with such a combination of ideal therapeutic properties (Gupta, 1961;Jain and Sharma, 1967;Reddy et al, 1989;Stocklin, 1969;Liu, 1992;Sinsheimer and Manni, 1965). Yet, according to an earlier review of herbs and nutrient .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gymnema sylvestre: An Alternative Therapeutic Agent for Management of Diabetes

Thakur¹

2012

J. App. Pharm. Sci.

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Gymnema sylvestre (Asclepiadaceae) also known as 'gurmar' or 'sugar destroyer' is a woody, climbing traditional medicinal herb which has many therapeutic applications in Ayurvedic system of medicine. It is used for lowering serum cholesterol, triglycerides and blood glucose level (hypoglycemic or antihyperglycemic), hypolipidaemic, weight loss, stomach ailments, constipation, water retention and liver diseases, either high or low blood pressure, tachycardia or arrhythmias, and used as aperitive, purgative, in eye troubles, antiinflammatory, smooth muscle relaxant, prevention of dental caries, cataract and as anticancer-cytotoxic agent. Its flowers, leaves, and fruits contains alkaloids, flavones, saponins, sapogenins, anthraquinones, hentri-acontane, pentatriacontane, α and β-chlorophylls, phytin, resins, d-quercitol, tartaric acid, formic acid, butyric acid, lupeol, β-amyrin related glycosides and stigmasterol having main principle bioactive compunds viz. gymnemic acids, gymnemasides, gymnemagenin, gurmarin, gymnemosides, gymnemanol, gymnemasins, gypenoside, and conduritol which act as therapeutic agent and play vital role in many therapeutic applications. Gymnemic acids are thought to be responsible for its antidiabetic activity and it is the major component of an extract shown to stimulate insulin release from the pancreas. Another anti-sweet agent gumarin is utilized as a pharmacological tool in the study of sweet-taste transduction. The commercial exploitation of this plant and their secondary metabolites are some of the major prospective of this rare medicinal herb. The focus of the present review is to achieve the potential of therapeutic value of this herb and mechanism and action of their secondary metabolites.

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“…sylvestre leaves contains several phytochemicals and gymnemic acids which is the most important constituent of the leaf extract have anti-diabetic, anti-sweetener and anti-inflammatory activities. (Liu et al, 1992;Nakamura et al, 2010). In addition, G. Sylvester leaf extract reduced high blood glucose in laboratory animals with potentials of treating diabetes in human and purified gymnemic acids are widely used as experimental reagents in taste physiology (Hellekant et al, 1998;Kanetkar et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF GYMNEMIC ACID EXTRACTS FROM BIG AND SMALL LEAF VARIETIES OF Gymnema Sylvestre R.Br

Krishnamurthy

Animasaun²,

Patel³

et al. 2016

Indonesian J. Pharm.

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Phytochemical and hypoglycemic effects of two varieties of Gymnema sylvestre were studied. The leaves of Big-leaf (MCL) and the small-leaf (ZMGL) varieties were grown in Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, India. Water, ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether, haxane and chloroform were used for phytochemical extraction from the dried leaves. Gymnemic acid was extracted and purified from the two varieties by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Four groups of matured whisker rats (six per group) were induced with high-glucose level. Three groups were treated with standard drug glibenclamide (5mg/kg), gymnemic acid extracts from MCL and ZMDL respectively while the fourth group served as experimental control. Hypoglycemic activities of extracts were evaluated using animals' blood sample. Result showed water and methanol are best solvents for phytochemical extraction from the plant and the yield is higher in ZMGL than MCL. Also, gymnemic acid yield varied. From the results, hypoglycemic activities from the animals' blood revealed that treatments from both MCL and ZMGL are not significantly different from standard drug glibenclamide. The study concluded that water or methanol is appropriate solvent for phytochemical extraction from G. sylvestre leaves and extract from both lines of the plant could be utilized to reduce blood glucose level

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Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Gymnemic Acids, Antisweet Principles of Gymnema sylvestre.

Cited by 104 publications

References 0 publications

Suppression of Glucose Absorption by Extracts from the Leaves of Gymnema inodorum.

Suppression of Glucose Absorption by Extracts from the Leaves of Gymnema inodorum.

Gymnema sylvestre: An Alternative Therapeutic Agent for Management of Diabetes

PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF GYMNEMIC ACID EXTRACTS FROM BIG AND SMALL LEAF VARIETIES OF Gymnema Sylvestre R.Br

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