Isolation and screening of extracellular anticancer enzymes from halophilic and halotolerant bacteria from different saline environments in Iran

L-Glutaminase Synthesis by Marine Halomonas meridiana Isolated from the Red Sea and Its Efficiency against Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines

“…The molecular weight of Halomonas meridiana Lglutaminase (57.0 kDa) estimated by the SDS-PAGE analysis varied depending on the microbial enzyme source-Bacillus subtilis OHEM11 (54.8 kDa) [37], Bacillus cereus LC13 (35.0 kDa) [38], and Streptomyces canarius FR (44.0 kDa) [43]. The optimum temperature and pH for L-glutaminase activity was comparable to the physiological situation of the human body [16], where the high activity and stability occurred at pH values of 8.0 and 9.0, respectively, with maximum activity at 37 • C and complete thermal stability at about 72 • C for 1 h. The alkaline character of the L-glutaminase confirms its carcinostatic behavior because it is considered the main physiological effect for anti-tumor activity [37]. The results were comparable with L-glutaminase produced by the optimal activity of Bacillus cereus LC13 at pH 7.0 and 37 • C [38], and the maximal activity of Streptomyces canarius FR L-glutaminase at pH 8.0 at 40 • C and its stability at a wide range of pH from 5.0-11.0 and thermal stability up to 60 • C [43].…”

“…Various marine bacterial strains producing L-glutaminase were isolated from marine habitats and identified based on 16S rRNAs such as Bacillus subtilis [23], Bacillus cereus MTCC 1305 [14], Aeromonas veronii [24], Providencia sp. [25], Acinetobacter calcoaceticus PJB1 [19], and Halomonas [16]. The enzyme productivity of L-glutaminase by Halomonas meridiana increased 2.68-fold after the optimization of the fermentation process.…”

“…The chemical nature of seawater could provide microbial sources producing enzymes that could have fewer side effects when used in therapeutic applications [1]. The modified surface structure of anticancer holoenzymes due to the high salinity ensures the possibility of unique immunological properties [16]. In this regard, marine bacteria have recently attracted attention for L-glutaminase production [17].…”

Halophiles and Their Biomolecules: Recent Advances and Future Applications in Biomedicine

“…In another study, it was reported that from 110 halophilic strains isolated from different saline environments of Iran, a total of 29, four, and two strains produced anticancer enzymes including l-asparaginase, l-glutaminase, and l-arginase, respectively. These strains belonged to the genera Bacillus, Dietzia, Halobacillus, Rhodococcus, Paenibacillus, and Planococcus, as Gram-positive bacteria, and Pseudomonas, Marinobacter, Halomonas, Idiomarina, Vibrio, and Stappia as Gram-negative bacteria [123]. From these strains, the anti-cancer activity of a novel recombinant l-asparaginase enzyme produced by Halomonas elongata strain IBRC M10216 was assayed against human lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemia cell lines, Jurkat and U937 (Table 4).…”

Marinobacter denitrificans sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment of southern Scott Coast, Antarctica

“… Marinobacter is an abundant taxon widely distributed in various salty environments, such as seawater [1], marine sediment [2], tidal flat [3], marine oil well [4], marine animal and alga [5, 6], salty industrial wastewater [7], coastal saltern [8], sea sand [9], saline soil [10] and salt lake [11]. Marinobacter strains have aroused interest because of their characteristics and potential for denitrification [12], algicidal activity [13], degrading hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [14, 15], and producing enzymes [16], surfactants [17], antioxidants [18], polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) [19], esters and wax [20, 21].…”