Isolation and Quantification of Phenolic Compounds in Acer tegmentosum by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

Determination of bioactive chemicals in Acer tegmentosum is essential for its industrial application. Twelve phenolic compounds were isolated from A. tegmentosum. Specific seven compounds in the plant were simultaneously analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography‐UV. The content of bioactive chemicals in the branch extract was determined to be 3.38 mg/g of (−)‐epigallocatechin, 66.95 mg/g of salidroside, 39.61 mg/g of tyrosol, 17.04 mg/g of catechin, 7.39 mg/g of 1,2,4‐tri‐O‐galloyl‐β‐d‐glucose, 8.88 mg/g of 6‐O‐galloylsalidroside, and 4.61 mg/g of scopoletin. The method was validated with linearity ( R 2 > 0.9947), as well as intra‐ and inter‐day precision (0.07–2.77%) and accuracy (>97.0%). This analytical method is expected to be applied for standardization of dietary food containing A. tegmentosum.

Safety Assessment of Acer tegmentosum Maxim. Water Extract: General Toxicity Studies in Sprague–Dawley Rats and Beagle Dogs With Re-evaluation of Genotoxic Potentials

“…When measured using HPLC (Figure 2), salidroside was detected around 10.8 min in the chromatogram. The levels of salidroside measured in ATWE were 74.3 ± 0.8 mg/g, indicating that the test substance contained sufficient quantity which showed pharmacological effectiveness in other studies (Hwang et al, 2013;Nugroho et al, 2015;Lee et al, 2017a;Park et al, 2019).…”

“…Therefore, it is conceivable that our test substance may have less amount of the compound(s) which caused higher increase of revertant colonies in the previous study. Notably, a study reported that composition of phenolic compounds in A. tegmentosum was markedly different among its parts ( Lee et al, 2017a ). Moreover, several genotoxicity studies showed lack thereof in a handful of the components listed in Table 1 , such as catechin ( Ogura et al, 2008 ), salidroside ( Zhu et al, 2010 ), quercetin ( Harwood et al, 2007 ), myricitrin, and myricetin ( Hobbs et al, 2015 ), excluding their causative involvement in the previously observed mutagenicity.…”

“…Recent studies reported that extracts from A. tegmentosum possessed various therapeutic effects in in vitro and in vivo model systems, including hepatoprotection (Park et al, 2019), alleviation of alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis (Lee Y. et al, 2017), antioxidant and anti-inflammation (Kim et al, 2012), suppression of atopic dermatitis (Yang et al, 1; Hou et al, 2019, 2;Kim et al, 2012, 3;Lee et al, 2017a, 4;Lee et al, 2014, 5;Park et al, 2006, 6;Piao et al, 2020, 7;Tung et al, 2008 2016), reduction of bone destruction (Ha et al, 2014), and antidepressant activity (Park et al, 2020a). The complete list of compounds contained in A. tegmentosum have not been reported yet, but to date, 44 compounds have been identified (Park et al, 2006;Tung et al, 2008;Kim et al, 2012;Lee et al, 2014;Lee et al, 2017a;Hou et al, 2019;Piao et al, 2020): 24 flavonoids (e.g., quercitrin, catechin, kaempferol-3-rhamnoside, erigeside B, feniculin, and avicularin), 10 phenolic glycosides (e.g., salidroside, 6′-O-galloylsalidroside, and 3,5-dimethoxy-4hydroxyphenyl-I-O-β-D-glucoside), 3 phenolic acids (gallic acid, methyl gallate, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid), 2 phenylpropanoid glycosides (eutigoside A and grayanoside A), 2 courmarins (fraxin and scopoletin), 1 quinone (2,6-dimethoxyρ-hydroquinone), 1 phenylethyl alcohol (tyrosol), and 1 steroidal glycoside (β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) (the complete list is available in Table 1). Among these, several compounds have been known to provide beneficial effects in human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases (Nijveldt et al, 2001;Jucá et al, 2020).…”

“…The complete list of compounds contained in A. tegmentosum have not been reported yet, but to date, 44 compounds have been identified ( Park et al, 2006 ; Tung et al, 2008 ; Kim et al, 2012 ; Lee et al, 2014 ; Lee et al, 2017a ; Hou et al, 2019 ; Piao et al, 2020 ): 24 flavonoids (e.g., quercitrin, catechin, kaempferol-3-rhamnoside, erigeside B, feniculin, and avicularin), 10 phenolic glycosides (e.g., salidroside, 6′-O-galloylsalidroside, and 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl-I-O-β-D-glucoside), 3 phenolic acids (gallic acid, methyl gallate, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid), 2 phenylpropanoid glycosides (eutigoside A and grayanoside A), 2 courmarins (fraxin and scopoletin), 1 quinone (2,6-dimethoxy-ρ-hydroquinone), 1 phenylethyl alcohol (tyrosol), and 1 steroidal glycoside (β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) (the complete list is available in Table 1 ). Among these, several compounds have been known to provide beneficial effects in human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases ( Nijveldt et al, 2001 ; Jucá et al, 2020 ).…”

“… 1; Hou et al, 2019 , 2; Kim et al, 2012 , 3; Lee et al, 2017a , 4; Lee et al, 2014 , 5; Park et al, 2006 , 6; Piao et al, 2020 , 7; Tung et al, 2008 …”