Isolation and purification of glycoglycerolipids to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells

Abstract

Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) is the most abundant type of glycoglycerolipid found in the plant cell membrane and mostly in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. The amphiphilic nature of MGDG is attractive in pharmaceutical fields for interaction with other biological molecules and hence exerting therapeutic anti-cancer, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of cyanobacteria derived MGDG to inhibit breast cancer cell growth. MGDG was extracted from a cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 followed by a subsequent fractionation by column chromatographic technique. The purity and molecular structure of MGDG were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis. The presence of MGDG in the extracted fraction was further confirmed and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The anti-proliferation activity of the extracted MGDG molecule was tested against BT-474 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. The in vitro study showed that MGDG extracted from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 induced apoptosis in (70 ± 8) % of BT-474 (p < 0.001) and (58 ± 5) % of MDA-MB-231 cells (p < 0.001) using ~ 60 and 200 ng/ml of concentrations, respectively. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50 of MGDG extracted from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were (27.2 ± 7.6) and (150 ± 70) ng/ml in BT-474 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively. Quantification of caspase-3/7 activity using flow cytometry showed (3.0 ± 0.4) and (2.1 ± 0.04)-fold (p < 0.001) higher protein expressions in the MGDG treated BT-474 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively than untreated controls conferring to the caspase-dependent apoptosis. The MGDG did not show any significant cytotoxic side effects in human dermal fibroblasts cells. A commercially available MGDG control did not induce any apoptotic cell death in cancer cells substantiating the potential of the MGDG extracted from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 for the treatment of breast cancer cells through the apoptosis-mediated pathway.

Enhancing the in vitro and in vivo activity of itraconazole against breast cancer using miltefosine-modified lipid nanocapsules

“…ITC-induced inhibition of Hh pathway and promotion of cell apoptosis was verified by the increase in caspase-3 level of the tumors in different groups ( Figure 7(B) ). Caspase-3, an apoptotic biomarker, is activated in response to chemotherapy and is considered a significant indicator for treatment efficacy in breast cancer (Abedin & Barua, 2021 ). The level of caspase-3 in tumors of all treated groups was significantly higher relative to untreated control.…”

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of Helicteres angustifolia L. extract and its molecular evidence for tumor suppression

“…Cancer cells can proliferate without limit. One of the most important features of an effective anticancer drug is the control of cancer cell progression and induction of apoptosis as required ( Abedin and Barua, 2021 ). Extensive biochemical analysis revealed that EF40 arrests NSLCL cells in the G2/M phase in response to ROS-induced DNA damage and ultimately triggers apoptosis, probably due to the failure of DNA repair ( Figure 4 ).…”

Different Extraction Procedures Revealed the Anti-Proliferation Activity from Vegetable Semi-Purified Sources on Breast Cancer Cell Lines

“…All together, these data suggest that the anti-proliferative effect may be associated with the presence of the glycoglycerolipid compound (monogalactosyl-monoacylglycerol, MGMG, 18:3; at m / z 277.2174) detected in the extracts from all vegetables. Previously, it has been reported that the monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), another type of glycoglycerolipid found in the plant cell membrane, showed therapeutic anti-cancer activity [ 38 ]. The different levels of anti-proliferative activity observed in this study may be associated with the other compounds present in the different extracts.…”