Isolation and Purification of a Neuroprotective Phlorotannin from the Marine Algae Ecklonia maxima by Size Exclusion and High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography

Zhou, Xuezhen; Yi, Mengqi; Ding, Lijian; He, Shan; Yan, Xiaojun

doi:10.3390/md17040212

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Table 5 summarizes the conditions employed in those studies. The ultrasound frequencies used (when reported) ranged from 20 [55,114] to 60 kHz [95], with the extraction time values ranging between 5 [55] and 90 min [115], although an UAE of 2 days has already been applied to extract phlorotannins [116]. It must be highlighted that most authors using UAE have identified the phenolic compounds extracted, contrary to most of the other novel extraction techniques.…”

Section: Ultrasound-assisted Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At last, size exclusion chromatography (SEC-CC) using Sephadex LH-20 has been repeatedly used in the fractionation of macroalgae polar extracts [60,76,77,88,115,151,156,157,174,175,[177][178][179][180][181][182]. The separation of compounds in Sephadex LH-20 is promoted by the metabolites' molecular size, but also by its solubility in the eluent.…”

Section: Column Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By using a two-phase system of n-hexane:ethyl acetate:methanol:water (2:7:3:7, v/v), bioactive phlorotannins of Ecklonia cava have been isolated (purity > 90%), which represents an improvement in the operational ease with which purified fractions of the phenolic extracts of macroalgae can be obtained [33]. Zhou et al were also able to isolate the phlorotannin eckmaxol from an Ecklonia maxima ethanol:water (80:20) extract using high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) after previous Sephadex LH-20 gel fractionation with dichloromethane:methanol (1:1) [115]. A two-phase solvent system comprising n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (2:8:3:7, v/v/v/v) was used.…”

Section: Other Preparative Chromatographic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Quest for Phenolic Compounds from Macroalgae: A Review of Extraction and Identification Methodologies

et al. 2019

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The current interest of the scientific community for the exploitation of high-value compounds from macroalgae is related to the increasing knowledge of their biological activities and health benefits. Macroalgae phenolic compounds, particularly phlorotannins, have gained particular attention due to their specific bioactivities, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, or antidiabetic. Notwithstanding, the characterization of macroalgae phenolic compounds is a multi-step task, with high challenges associated with their isolation and characterization, due to the highly complex and polysaccharide-rich matrix of macroalgae. Therefore, this fraction is far from being fully explored. In fact, a critical revision of the extraction and characterization methodologies already used in the analysis of phenolic compounds from macroalgae is lacking in the literature, and it is of uttermost importance to compile validated methodologies and discourage misleading practices. The aim of this review is to discuss the state-of-the-art of phenolic compounds already identified in green, red, and brown macroalgae, reviewing their structural classification, as well as critically discussing extraction methodologies, chromatographic separation techniques, and the analytical strategies for their characterization, including information about structural identification techniques and key spectroscopic profiles. For the first time, mass spectrometry data of phlorotannins, a chemical family quite exclusive of macroalgae, is compiled and discussed.

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Section: Ultrasound-assisted Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Column Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Preparative Chromatographic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Quest for Phenolic Compounds from Macroalgae: A Review of Extraction and Identification Methodologies

et al. 2019

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“…Due to their important roles in the physiology of brown algae, these compounds attracted a lot of research interest, with many studies addressing their isolation [26][27][28][29]. Moreover, as reviewed by Imbs and Zvyagintseva [30], there were a high number of studies describing the important in vitro activities of phlorotannins including anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antibacterial activities, among others, which led researchers to advance the study of these compounds, trying to prove their biological activities in vivo.…”

Section: Phlorotanninsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seaweed Secondary Metabolites with Beneficial Health Effects: An Overview of Successes in In Vivo Studies and Clinical Trials

et al. 2019

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Macroalgae are increasingly viewed as a source of secondary metabolites with great potential for the development of new drugs. In this development, in vitro studies are only the first step in a long process, while in vivo studies and clinical trials are the most revealing stages of the true potential and limitations that a given metabolite may have as a new drug. This literature review aims to give a critical overview of the secondary metabolites that reveal the most interesting results in these two steps. Phlorotannins show great pharmaceutical potential in in vivo models and, among the several examples, the anti-dyslipidemia activity of dieckol must be highlighted because it was more effective than lovastatin in an in vivo model. The IRLIIVLMPILMA tridecapeptide that exhibits an in vivo level of activity similar to the hypotensive clinical drug captopril should still be stressed, as well as griffithsin which showed such stunning results over a variety of animal models and which will probably move onto clinical trials soon. Regarding clinical trials, studies with pure algal metabolites are scarce, limited to those carried out with kahalalide F and fucoxanthin. The majority of clinical trials currently aim to ascertain the effect of algae consumption, as extracts or fractions, on obesity and diabetes.Studies focusing on the preparation of macroalgae extracts and their chemical characterization revealed a large range of seaweed compounds with very interesting biological activities including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antivirus, antihypertensive, fat-lowering, and neuroprotective activities [12][13][14][15].The large volume of studies proving the seaweed compound activities in in vitro systems [16][17][18][19] hints the need for further advancements in the knowledge about macroalgae compound efficiency in living systems (in vivo) and their use in the development of pharmaceuticals. In vitro studies are very relevant and yield very important information, but they only represent the first step of a long process, and the results obtained rarely reveal anything about the effects of a compound in vivo, because the responses observed in vitro can be magnified, diminished, or totally different in a more complex and integrated system. In fact, in vivo studies and clinical trials are those which contribute most to truly understanding the real potential of compounds as future pharmaceuticals.In this regard, the present work intends to present insight into the results obtained in the last few years regarding secondary metabolites, such as phlorotannins, halogenated compounds, fucoxanthin, and fucosterol isolated from macroalgae, involved in in vivo studies and clinical trials, identifying the research opportunities and knowledge gaps, to valorize these compounds and their natural resources. The intention is not to present an exhaustive survey of all published works, but rather a selection of authors based on the following criteria: in-depth studies involving pure compounds most characteristic f...

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“…Several studies reported neuroprotective role of astaxanthin and fucoxanthin [145, [282][283][284][285][286][287], Sargassum spp. [288][289][290][291][292][293][294][295], Saccorhiza polyschide [283], Codium tomentosum [296], Ulva spp [256,267,293,[297][298][299][300], Ecklonia maxima [256,[301][302][303], Gracilaria spp. (Figure 12) [296,[304][305][306][307][308][309][310][311], Gelidium pristoides [312,313], Halimeda incrassate [314,315], Bryothamniom triquetrum [316][317][318], Chondrus crispus ( Figure 13) [319,320], Hypnea valentiae (…”

Section: Neuroprotection In Stroke Alzheimer's and Parkinsonismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seaweeds: An Extensive Review of Medicinal Values

Mohiuddin¹

2019

APCT

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The global economic impact of the five leading chronic diseases-cancer, diabetes, mental illness, CVD, and respiratory disease-could reach $47 trillion over the next 20 years, according to a study by the World Economic Forum (WEF). According to the WHO, 80% of the world's population primarily those of developing countries rely on plant-derived medicines for the healthcare. The purported efficacies of seaweed derived phytochemicals showing great potential in obesity, T2DM, metabolic syndrome, CVD, IBD, sexual dysfunction and some cancers. Therefore, WHO, UN-FAO, UNICEF and governments have shown a growing interest in this unconventional food with health-promoting effects. Edible marine macro-algae (seaweed) are of interest because of their value in nutrition and medicine. Seaweeds contain several bioactive substances like polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, polyphenols, and pigments, all of which may have beneficial health properties. People consume seaweed as food in various forms: raw as salad and vegetable, pickle with sauce or with vinegar, relish or sweetened jellies and also cooked for vegetable soup. By cultivating seaweed, coastal people are getting an alternative livelihood as well as advancing their lives. In 2005, world seaweed production was totaled 14.7 million tons which more than double (30.4 million tons) in 2015. The present market value is nearly $6.5 billion and projected to reach some $9 billion seaweed global market by 2024. Aquaculture is recognized as the most sustainable means of seaweed production and accounts for approximately 27.3 million tons (more than 90%) of global seaweed production per annum. Asian countries produced 80% for world markets where China alone produces half of the total demand. The top six seaweed producing countries are China,

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Isolation and Purification of a Neuroprotective Phlorotannin from the Marine Algae Ecklonia maxima by Size Exclusion and High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

The Quest for Phenolic Compounds from Macroalgae: A Review of Extraction and Identification Methodologies

The Quest for Phenolic Compounds from Macroalgae: A Review of Extraction and Identification Methodologies

Seaweed Secondary Metabolites with Beneficial Health Effects: An Overview of Successes in In Vivo Studies and Clinical Trials

Seaweeds: An Extensive Review of Medicinal Values

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