Isolation and Preliminary Characterization of Hydroxamic Acids Formed by Nitrogen-Fixing
            <i>Azotobacter chroococcum</i>
            B-8

Fekete, Frank A.; Lanzi, Richard A.; Beaulieu, John B.; Longcope, David C.; Sulya, Andrew W.; Hayes, Roger N.; Mabbott, Gary A.

doi:10.1128/aem.55.2.298-305.1989

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…By combining cyclic voltammetry of Fe complexes with hydroxamate with mass spectra, the molecular weights of the compounds can be determined. To prove the presence of hydroxamic acids, reductive hydrolysis in 57% hydrogen iodide acid is used, resulting in the formation of ornithine, which is determined by tandem gas chromatography and mass spectrometry [175].…”

Section: Hplc Nmr and Mass-spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Siderophores: Classification, Biosynthesis, Perspectives of Use in Agriculture

Timofeeva

Galyamova

Sedykh

2022

Plants

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Siderophores are synthesized and secreted by many bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and plants for Fe (III) chelation. A variety of plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) colonize the rhizosphere and contribute to iron assimilation by plants. These microorganisms possess mechanisms to produce Fe ions under iron-deficient conditions. Under appropriate conditions, they synthesize and release siderophores, thereby increasing and regulating iron bioavailability. This review focuses on various bacterial strains that positively affect plant growth and development through synthesizing siderophores. Here we discuss the diverse chemical nature of siderophores produced by plant root bacteria; the life cycle of siderophores, from their biosynthesis to the Fe–siderophore complex degradation; three mechanisms of siderophore biosynthesis in bacteria; the methods for analyzing siderophores and the siderophore-producing activity of bacteria and the methods for screening the siderophore-producing activity of bacterial colonies. Further analysis of biochemical, molecular–biological, and physiological features of siderophore synthesis by bacteria and their use by plants will allow one to create effective microbiological preparations for improving soil fertility and increasing plant biomass, which is highly relevant for sustainable agriculture.

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Section: Hplc Nmr and Mass-spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Siderophores: Classification, Biosynthesis, Perspectives of Use in Agriculture

Timofeeva

Galyamova

Sedykh

2022

Plants

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“…and Azotobacter sp. Azotobacter has significant roles in availability of some nutritions like Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulphur and carbon via boosting mineralization of organic residues (Fekete et al, 1989;Levaiet al, 2008;Rojas-Tapias et al, 2013).Azotobacter genus belongs to the γ-subclass of the Proeobacteria (Tchan and New, 1984;Becking, 2004) which constitutes seven species namely, A. chroococcum, A. vinelandii, A. beijerinckii, A. paspali, A. armeniacus, A. nigricans, and A. salinestri (Jimenez et al, 2011). A. chroococcum is the most inhabitingvarious soils (Balandreau, 1986;Tchan and New, 1984;Dobereiner, 1995;Martyniuk and Martyniuk, 2003).…”

Section: Azotobactermentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaea, bacteria and termite, nitrogen fixation and sustainable plants production

Sun

Shahrajabian

Cheng

2021

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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Certain bacteria and archaea are responsible for biological nitrogen fixation. Metabolic pathways usually are common between archaea and bacteria. Diazotrophs are categorized into two main groups namely: root-nodule bacteria and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Diazotrophs include free living bacteria, such as Azospirillum, Cupriavidus, and some sulfate reducing bacteria, and symbiotic diazotrophs such Rhizobium and Frankia. Three types of nitrogenase are iron and molybdenum (Fe/Mo), iron and vanadium (Fe/V) or iron only (Fe). The Mo-nitrogenase have a higher specific activity which is expressed better when Molybdenum is available. The best hosts for Rhizobium legumiosarum are Pisum, Vicia, Lathyrus and Lens; Trifolium for Rhizobium trifolii; Phaseolus vulgaris, Prunus angustifolia for Rhizobium phaseoli; Medicago, Melilotus and Trigonella for Rhizobium meliloti; Lupinus and Ornithopus for Lupini, and Glycine max for Rhizobium japonicum. Termites have significant key role in soil ecology, transporting and mixing soil. Termite gut microbes supply the enzymes required to degrade plant polymers, synthesize amino acids, recycle nitrogenous waste and fix atmospheric nitrogen. The positive effects of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi such as growth promotion, increased root length, leaf area, stem diameter, transplant performance and tolerance to stresses have been reported previously.

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Azotobacter

Kennedy¹,

Rudnick²,

MacDonald³

et al. 2015

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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A.zo.to.bac' ter . Fr. n. azote nitrogen; M.L. masc. n. bacter the equivalent of Gr. neut. n. bactrum a rod or staff; M.L. masc. n. Azotobacter a nitrogen rod. Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Pseudomonadales / Pseudomonadaceae / Azotobacter Cells range from straight rods with rounded ends to more ellipsoidal or coccoid , depending on the culture medium and age. Cells are up to 2 μm or more in diameter and 4 μm in length . A. paspali cells are usually longer, 5–10 µm in length, and can be filamentous, up to 60 µm long. Cells are usually single but may occur in pairs, irregular clumps (especially with A. paspali ), or, more rarely, in chains of varying length. Encystment occurs during late stationary phase at low frequency or at high frequency after culturing on butanol. Motile with peritrichous flagella or nonmotile. Aerobic, having a strictly respiratory type of metabolism with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Nitrogen is fixed under microaerobic conditions (2% oxygen), under full aerobiosis, or after adaptation in hyperbaric oxygen. N 2 fixation uses Mo‐, V‐, or Fe‐containing nitrogenase enzymes, depending on the environmental metal supply. Water‐soluble and water‐insoluble pigments are produced by some strains of all species . Growth is heterotrophic; sugars, alcohols, and salts of organic acids are used as carbon sources. Ammonium salts, nitrate, and urea are used as sources of fixed nitrogen. Very few amino acids are used, probably due to a general deficiency in amino acid transport. The minimum pH for growth in the presence of fixed nitrogen sources ranges from 4.8 to 6.0 with maximum pH 8.5. The optimum pH for diazotrophic growth is 7.0–7.5. Most isolates are from soil, but a few are from water . One species ( A. paspali ) has been isolated only from roots of the tropical grass Paspalum notatum . The mol % G + C of the DNA is : 63.2–67.5. Type species : Azotobacter chroococcum Beijerinck 1901, 567.

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Isolation and Preliminary Characterization of Hydroxamic Acids Formed by Nitrogen-Fixing Azotobacter chroococcum B-8

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

Bacterial Siderophores: Classification, Biosynthesis, Perspectives of Use in Agriculture

Bacterial Siderophores: Classification, Biosynthesis, Perspectives of Use in Agriculture

Archaea, bacteria and termite, nitrogen fixation and sustainable plants production

Azotobacter

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