Isolation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Aspergillus Species from Birds, Environment, and Hospitalized Patients in Qena, Egypt

Investigation of aspergillosis outbreak in young ducklings: Unraveling the role of hatcheries in Aspergillus fumigatus transmission

“…Aspergillosis is an avian affliction that is classified as noncontagious and impacts both domesticated and wild birds. It is caused by an infection with Aspergillus species and the vulnerability of the avian lung-air sac system to airborne pollutants and particulate matter [1] . Aspergillus fumigatus ( A. fumigatus ) is the most pathogenic fungus affecting poultry [2] , and Aspergillus niger (A. niger) can also affect poultry adversely [3 , 4 ] .…”

“…Aspergillus fumigatus ( A. fumigatus ) is the most pathogenic fungus affecting poultry [2] , and Aspergillus niger (A. niger) can also affect poultry adversely [3 , 4 ] . Infections could occur when birds are exposed to a massive number of spores, food contamination, inadequate ventilation, and bad sanitation, all of which contribute to fungal development [1] . Stressed and immune-suppressed birds are highly susceptible to disease development [2 , 5 ] .…”

“…In addition, several Egyptian studies have focused on aspergillosis in both humans and poultry. Results showed that the infection is widespread among those who work with infected flocks and at chicken farms and hatcheries [1 , 8 ].…”

“…After invading the lower respiratory system (especially A. fumigatus ) and causing symptoms including dyspnea, gasping, cyanosis, and hyperemia, infectious spores enter the respiratory tissue and proliferate, forming mycelia that cause granulomas to form. Following that, they spread via blood to different tissues [1 , 9 ]. In comparison to other fowl, A. fumigatus is the most common and noncontagious fungus that causes aspergillosis, or respiratory disease, in ducks [10] .…”

“…Their sequences vary more than the ribosomal sequence, making them attractive for phylogenetic analysis and/or species and strain classification [20] . The ITS region was used for the examination of clinical samples to identify the prevalence of Aspergillus species in poultry and poultry rearing areas and their impact on human health [1] . ITS nucleotide sequences on isolates with morphologically comparable sequences can be divided phylogenetically into different clades.…”