Isolation and partial characterization of an HIV-related virus occurring naturally in chimpanzees in Gabon

Differential inhibitory effects of TIBO derivatives on different strains of simian immunodeficiency virus

“…Several studies indicate that up to 50 ~ of the African green monkeys are infected with SIV Lowenstine et al, 1986). Recently, a lentivirus has been identified in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) (SlVepz) (Peeters et al, 1989;Huet et al, 1990). Whereas SIVmac is 0001-0807 © 1992 SGM closely related to HIV-2, and SIVcp z to HIV-1 (Huet et al, 1990), SIVag m and SIVmn d appear both equidistant from both HIV-1 and HIV-2 (Gardner & Luciw, 1988).…”

Worldwide molecular epidemiology of HIV

“…Instead, subjects who have HIV-2 infection are at a substantially higher risk of acquiring HIV-1 infection, whether for behavioral or biological reasons. 62,107,139,152 Dual infections may represent either: (a) concurrent infection of two or more viral strains occurring at or near the same time; or (b) sequential superinfection of a second viral strain after primary seroconversion to the initial strains. A superinfection is defined as the re-infection of an individual after a primary HIV-1 infection, with a heterologous strain belonging to the same or different subtype as the primary strain.…”

“…Despite extensive genomic diversity, a unifying feature of human and nonhuman primate lentiviruses is that the cell receptor is the CD4 antigen, a differentiation marker on the surface of T-helper lymphocytes. 43,44,53,58,97,107 At present, the origins of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections remain an enigma, although some investigations have indicated that both viruses have risen from zoonotic transmissions between nonhuman primates and humans. 97 The analysis of genetic sequencing has revealed that the genomes of SIV SMM and HIV-2 exhibit a high degree of homology although SIV CPZ is most closely related to HIV-1 strain.…”

Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans

“…SIV AGM) (Kraus et aL., 1989), sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys; SIV SMM) , mandrils (Mandrillus sphynx; SIV MND) (Tsujimoto et aL., 1988), Sykes' monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis; SIVSYK) (Emau et aL., 1991) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes; SIV cpz) (Peeters et al, 1989). The first primate 1entivirus to be identified was SIV MAC at the New England Regional Primate Research Center following an outbreak of Iymphoma in rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomoIgus macaques (Macacafascicularis) (Daniel et al, 1985).…”