Isolation and Molecular Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Providencia spp. from Raw Cow’s Milk in Baghdad, Iraq

Al-Gburi, Nagham M.

doi:10.1155/2020/8874747

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The isolates showed MDR to antimicrobial agents and the MAR index was more than 0.2 indicates that isolates are at risk, according to (Krumperman,1983;Magiorakos et al, 2012). The results were following other studies, which showed Providencia spp were MDR (Cao et al, 2017;Al-Gburi 2020). P. rettgeri are reported resistant to many antimicrobials such as polymyxins, first-generation cephalosporins, ampicillin, and tigecycline (Magiorakos et al, 2012).…”

Section: Biochemical Testssupporting

confidence: 83%

Providencia Rettgeri Common Causes of UTI

Abdullhamzah¹,

Numea²,

Khalil³

et al. 2023

IJMSCRS

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Wasit city, Iraq provided a total of twenty-four different samples of urine for the researchers to examine. The samples were first cultured onto Ma-Cconkey agar and Blood agar, and placed into brain heart infusion broth. Microscopic inspection, cultural characteristics, biochemical assays, and the Api20 E system were all utilized to independently verify the isolates' identities. Only two out of twenty-four human samples (8.3%) included Providencia species, with P. rettgeri being the most prevalent of those species. Using the disc diffusion technique, tests of antimicrobial susceptibility were carried out against 10 different antibiotics. All of the Providencia isolates had evidence of multidrug resistance (MDR), and the level of absolute resistance to cefoxitin, methicillin, vancomycin, doxycycline, clarithromycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was 100%. They exhibited a high degree of sensitivity to ofloxacin, chloramphenicol, cefixime, and teimethoprim, with a percentage of 100%.

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Section: Biochemical Testssupporting

confidence: 83%

Providencia Rettgeri Common Causes of UTI

Abdullhamzah¹,

Numea²,

Khalil³

et al. 2023

IJMSCRS

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“…Verification of whether diseases caused by this bacterium can be spread through polluted water, medical wastes, feces, and contaminated food requires much work. Furthermore, we should also note that infected fish showed no symptoms on the body surface in our research, which is unexpected, and once these fish act as carriers of this bacteria, it will put humans or other animals that feed on this kind of fish in danger ( Ayyal Al-Gburi, 2020 ). We need to conduct a massive amount of future research to determine, for instance, whether new pathogens have the potential to cause transboundary transmission between different hosts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…From the comparative genome analysis, it was confirmed that this strain also shared many genes with other strains in the genome that were isolated from the environment or medical materials; it was even isolated from woodpeckers. Thus, it was suspected that a coinfection or transboundary transmission might occur from land animals or birds carrying pathogenic microorganisms to the aquatic animals ( Ayyal Al-Gburi, 2020 ). Pangenome analysis results also revealed 104 genes whose functions are associated with adaptation to living conditions with higher salinity, complex marine biomes, or lower temperature, thus improving bacterial growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new pathogenic isolate of Kocuria kristinae identified for the first time in the marine fish Larimichthys crocea

et al. 2023

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In recent years, new emerging pathogenic microorganisms have frequently appeared in animals, including marine fish, possibly due to climate change, anthropogenic activities, and even cross-species transmission of pathogenic microorganisms among animals or between animals and humans, which poses a serious issue for preventive medicine. In this study, a bacterium was clearly characterized among 64 isolates from the gills of diseased large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea that were raised in marine aquaculture. This strain was identified as K. kristinae by biochemical tests with a VITEK 2.0 analysis system and 16S rRNA sequencing and named K. kristinae_LC. The potential genes that might encode virulence-factors were widely screened through sequence analysis of the whole genome of K. kristinae_LC. Many genes involved in the two-component system and drug-resistance were also annotated. In addition, 104 unique genes in K. kristinae_LC were identified by pan genome analysis with the genomes of this strain from five different origins (woodpecker, medical resource, environment, and marine sponge reef) and the analysis results demonstrated that their predicted functions might be associated with adaptation to living conditions such as higher salinity, complex marine biomes, and low temperature. A significant difference in genomic organization was found among the K. kristinae strains that might be related to their hosts living in different environments. The animal regression test for this new bacterial isolate was carried out using L. crocea, and the results showed that this bacterium could cause the death of L. crocea and that the fish mortality was dose-dependent within 5 days post infection, indicating the pathogenicity of K. kristinae_LC to marine fish. Since K. kristinae has been reported as a pathogen for humans and bovines, in our study, we revealed a new isolate of K. kristinae_LC from marine fish for the first time, suggesting the potentiality of cross-species transmission among animals or from marine animals to humans, from which we would gain insight to help in future public prevention strategies for new emerging pathogens.

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“…However, the largest number of strains were from Providencia spp. ; 1213 isolates were reported from only two studies [ 49 , 261 ]. Several varieties of bacterial strains were reported from Iraq; these included 1063 S. aureus isolated from humans [ 15 ], 142 E. coli isolated from chickens [ 37 ], and 1209 Providencia spp.…”

Section: Logical Relation Between Sets Of Multidrug-resistant (Mdr) Microbesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Status of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Fungi in the Arabian Peninsula

Borgio

Rasdan

Sonbol

et al. 2021

Biology

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We aimed to identify the prevalence and emerging status of multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi and their associated mortality in nine countries in the Arabian Peninsula. Original research articles and case studies regarding multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi in the Arabian Peninsula, published during the last 10 years, were retrieved from PubMed and Scopus. A total of 382 studies were included as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as the PRISMA guidelines, from a thorough screening of 1705 articles, in order to analyse the emerging status and mortality. The emerging nature of >120 multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and fungi in the Arabian Peninsula is a serious concern that requires continuous monitoring and immediate preventive measures. More than 50% (n = 453) of multidrug-resistant, microbe-associated mortality (n = 871) in the Arabian Peninsula was due to MDR Acinetobacter baumannii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus infection. Overall, a 16.51% mortality was reported among MDR-infected patients in the Arabian Peninsula from the 382 articles of this registered systematic review. MDR A. baumannii (5600 isolates) prevailed in all the nine countries of the Arabian Peninsula and was one of the fastest emerging MDR bacteria with the highest mortality (n = 210). A total of 13,087 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were reported in the region. Candida auris (580 strains) is the most prevalent among the MDR fungal pathogen in the Arabian Peninsula, having caused 54 mortalities. Active surveillance, constant monitoring, the development of a candidate vaccine, an early diagnosis of MDR infection, the elimination of multidrug resistance modulators and uninterrupted preventive measures with enhanced data sharing are mandatory to control MDR infection and associated diseases of the Arabian Peninsula. Accurate and rapid detection methods are needed to differentiate MDR strain from other strains of the species. This review summarises the logical relation, prevalence, emerging status and associated mortality of MDR microbes in the Arabian Peninsula.

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Isolation and Molecular Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Providencia spp. from Raw Cow’s Milk in Baghdad, Iraq

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

Providencia Rettgeri Common Causes of UTI

Providencia Rettgeri Common Causes of UTI

A new pathogenic isolate of Kocuria kristinae identified for the first time in the marine fish Larimichthys crocea

Emerging Status of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Fungi in the Arabian Peninsula

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