Isolation and molecular characterization of fowl aviadenovirus associated with inclusion body hepatitis from poultry in Banten and West Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Background and Aim: Fowl avidenoviruses (FAdVs) are generally considered ubiquitous, but certain serotypes and strains are known to be associated with primary diseases, such as inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). Since 2018, the outbreak of IBH has been reported in part provinces of Indonesia. This study aimed to isolate and molecularly characterize the FAdV from Banten and West Java Provinces of Indonesia and described the phylogenetic relationship with the FAdV that has been characterized in other countries. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 FAdV archive samples have been collected from January to August 2019 from clinical cases of FAdV infection in Banten and West Java Provinces, Indonesia. Collected samples were inoculated in 10-day-old specific-pathogenic-free chicken embryonated eggs. Hexon gene of FAdV was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a primer set from previous study. To gain a better understanding of the FAdV genetic properties and construct the phylogeny tree, the PCR products were sequenced and subjected to a BLAST search and inferred using the neighbor-joining method by bootstrap test 1000×. Results: FAdV-D and FAdV-E are present in Banten, Indonesia. The phylogenetic analysis of 850 nucleotides that encode 289 amino acid of the partial hexon gene shows that the isolates Broiler/MSL/Ciputat-149/18, Broiler/MSL/Lebak-151/18, and Broiler/MSL/Ciputat-29/19 have 100% homology with FAdV-E TR/BVKE/R/D-1 from Turkey, whereas the isolates Layer/MSL/Ciputat-20/19 and Broiler/MSL/Ciputat-30/19 have 100% homology with FAdV-D strain 685 from Canada. Conclusion: The present study provides updates of the circulating FAdV in commercial poultry flocks in Banten and West Java Provinces, Indonesia. Since the FAdV vaccine was unavailable in Indonesia, this result might be used as guidance to select a proper FAdV vaccine strain. Our result indicates that at least two FAdV species were circulating among poultry in Banten and West Java Provinces, Indonesia; they are FAdV-D and FAdV-E.

Historical Investigation of Fowl Adenovirus Outbreaks in South Korea from 2007 to 2021: A Comprehensive Review

“…In neighboring Indonesia, FAdV-8b was one of the predominant serotypes [91], and FAdV-8b and -11 were confirmed as emerging causative agents for IBH in Iran [92]. Interest-ingly, all the Iranian and Indonesian FAdV-8b isolates from these studies were categorized into the SD1356-like FAdV-8b group, as the recent Korean and Japanese strains were, whereas Malaysian 8b isolates were classified as the 764-like FAdV-8b group (Figure 2).…”

Potency of bacterial sialidase Clostridium perfringens as antiviral of Newcastle disease infections using embryonated chicken egg in ovo model

“…Sialic acid mediates the attachment of various pathogens, including bacteria, toxins, viruses, protozoa, and microfungi, under pathological conditions [7]. At least eight types of viruses with various families infect host cells through sialic acid receptors, which include the Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Coronaviridae, Reoviridae, Picornaviridae, Parvoviridae, and Adenoviridae viruses [8,9]. The previous study by Burrell et al [10] was conducted to inhibit viral infections by degrading receptors on the surface of respiratory mucosal cells using enzymes derived from bacteria.…”

Screening and Purification of NanB Sialidase From Pasteurella Multocida With Activity in Hydrolyzing Sialic Acid Neu5Acα(2-6)Gal

“…Screening for the presence of the sialidase gene was carried out using the NanB and NanH primer (Table 1). The KAPA2G Fast Hotstart Readymix PCR Kit was used in the PCR process with a total PCR reaction of 50 µl and an annealing temperature of 56℃ 30 . The sequencing of amplicons that only showed positive NanB were performed by First Base sequencing service agency, Malaysia.…”