Isolation and Identification of Secondary Metabolites of Clitocybe nuda Responsible for Inhibition of Zoospore Germination of Phytophthora capsici

Abstract

Secondary metabolites of Clitocybe nuda displayed antimicrobial activity against Phytophthora capsici. The culture filtrate of C. nuda was extracted with ethanol and chromatographically separated on a Sephadex LH-20 column and fractionated on a silica gel column to give eight fractions. These fractions were tested for the ability to inhibit zoospore germination of P. capsici . The most active fraction was further purified by silica gel column chromatography to yield three compounds: 2-methoxy-5-methyl-6-methoxymethyl-p-benzoquinone (1), 6-hydroxy-2H-pyran-3-carbaldehyde (2), and indole-3-carbaldehyde (3), all new to C. nuda. At a concentration of 500 mg/L, compound 3 showed complete inhibition of zoospore germination, while compounds 1 and 2 showed inhibition rates of 97 and 86%, respectively. To our knowledge, compound 1 is a newly discovered compound and, for the other two compounds, this is the first report in C. nuda. These compounds are potential candidates for new edible fungi-derived pesticides for the control of plant diseases.

Validation of the Antidiabetic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Clitocybe nuda by Assessment of Glucose Transporter 4 and Gluconeogenesis and AMPK Phosphorylation in Streptozotocin‐Induced Mice

“…Due to its special fragrance and delicate texture, it has been cultivated in France, Holland, Britain, and Taiwan. Several bioactive extracts from C. nuda have been found to exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial properties [2–4], but few reports have described medicinal activities and health benefit of human disorders. A new drimane sesquiterpenoid including 3-keto-drimenol, 3beta-hydroxydrimenol, and 3beta, 11, 12-trihydroxydrimene had been shown to exert inhibitory activities against two isozymes of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11 β -HSD1), which catalyze the interconversion of active cortisol and inactive cortisone [5].…”

Defense Response and Suppression of Phytophthora Blight Disease of Pepper by Water Extract from Spent Mushroom Substrate of Lentinula edodes

“…As far as we know, there is no report on the antifungal activity of oxalic acid from mushroom species. Secondary metabolites of three types that inhibit zoospore germination of P. capsici were identified from culture filtrate of Clitocybe nuda (Chen et al, 2012). Of them, active compound, indole-3-carbaldehyde inhibits the spore germination of the pathogen at minimum concentration of 500 mg/l.…”

Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Clitocybe nuda on Glucose Transporter 4 and AMP‐Activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylation in High‐Fat‐Fed Mice

“…Due to its special fragrance and delicate texture, it has been cultivated in France, Holland, Britain, and Taiwan. Several bioactive extracts from C. nuda have been found to exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial properties [3–6]. The ethanol extracts of C. nuda exerted antioxidant activity by flavonoid amount being 8.21  μ g mg −1 quercetin equivalent, while the phenolic compound amount was 48.01  μ g mg −1 pyrocatechol equivalent [5].…”