Isolation and Identification of Seaweed-Associated Bacteria and Their Antibacterial Activity against Skin Disease Agents

Abstract

Bacteria associated with marine organisms have become the focus of worldwide research for their potential to generate bioactive substances, such as antibacterial compounds. This study aimed to identify the antibacterial activity of seaweed-associated bacteria in Teluk Awur Jepara, Indonesia, against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Three seaweed species, Caulerpa racemosa, Padina minor, and Halimeda opuntia, were sampled in this study. Their isolates were selected tested for antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria using the paper disc diffusion and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration methods and were molecularly identified based on the 16s RNA gene (27F-1492R). Twenty-one isolates were isolated from the 3 seaweed species: 11 from C. racemosa, 6 from P. minor, and 4 from H. opuntia. Further testing revealed potential isolates (C2a, C2c, C2d, and H2d) with antibacterial activity against P. acnes F2 ATCC 6919 and S. epidermidis FNCC-0048. Gene-based identification using 16s RNA (27F-1492R) demonstrated the occurrence of 4 bacterial species, namely Vibrionaceae bacterium PH25 (99.86 %), Vibrio alginolyticus strain GS MYPK1 (99.65 %), Salinivibrio costicola strain M318 (99.86 %), and V. alginolyticus strain 2014V-1011 (99.93 %). HIGHLIGHTS Bacteria associated with racemosa, P. minor, and H. opuntia can show strong antibacterial properties capable of mitigating the growth of P. acnes F2 ATCC 6919 and S. epidermidis FNCC-0048 Seaweed-associated bacteria and their antibacterial activity against skin disease agents. Gene-based identification using 16s RNA (27F-1492R) demonstrated the occurrence of 4 bacterial species, namely Vibrionaceae bacterium PH25 (99.86 %), Vibrio alginolyticus strain GS MYPK1 (99.65 %), Salinivibrio costicola strain M318 (99.86 %), and alginolyticus strain 2014V-1011 (99.93 %) The major bacteria species on the scalps of those suffering from dandruff, we believe these isolates may be useful for dandruff therapy GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Antibacterial Ability of Seaweed Endophytic Bacteria (Turbinaria ornata, Sargassum crassifolium, and Sargassum polycystum) Against Skin Disease Agents

“…Seaweeds from Panjang Island, including Sargassum polycystum, Sargassum crassifolium, and Turbinaria ornata, were successfully gathered. The thallus and holdfast of the seaweed were sampled together [15]. Seaweed samples were kept in a coolbox that contained ice at a 1:1 (w/w) ratio [16].…”

“…Epiphytic bacteria were sterilized for 1 min in a 70 % ethanol solution, 1 min in a 5.25 % NaClO solution, and 3 times in sterile water [17]. The sterilized samples were then crushed with a mortar and pestle, diluted with concentrations of 10 −1 , 10 −2 , 10 −3 and 10 −4 , and planted in ZMA medium by pouring (pour plate method), which was then incubated at 29 ± 2 °C for 24 -48 h [15]. If the endophytic bacterial isolates developed and displayed various colony morphologies, they were then purified to obtain a single colony.…”

“…The endophytic bacteria's ethyl acetate extract was diluted with DMSO organic solvent. In a sterile Petri dish container, the extract with a concentration of 30 mg/mL was pipetted up to 20 μl and drip-coated on sterile paper discs with a diameter of 6 mm [15]. The extract was then left for 60 min in laminar air flow to absorb on the paper discs.…”