Isolation and Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria from Foods as Possible Exposure Sources

Argueta, Claudia; Yoder, Seth C.; Holtzman, A.; Aronson, T.; Glover, N.; Berlin, O. G. W.; Stelma, Gerard N.; Froman, Seymour; Tomášek, Petr

doi:10.4315/0362-028x-63.7.930

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A later study compared the genotypes of M. avium isolates from patients and foods and demonstrated a link between them (Yoder et al 1999). Mycobacteria (predominantly M. avium) were isolated from 46 samples of salads, leak, lettuce, mushrooms, and other vegetables as well as apple juice and twenty nine isolates were tested (Argueta et al 2000). Zwielehner et al (2008) studied the microbial communities present in the phylosphere of lettuce leaves.…”

Section: Mycobacteria In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacteria in water, soil, plants and air: a review

Hruška¹,

Kaevska²

2012

Vet. Med.

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Amazingly, despite the 24 143 papers on mycobacteria, indexed in the Web of Science database during the last six years, published by 67 008 authors from 13 128 organizations located in 166 countries or territories, internationally accepted legal directives on how to control the public health risk associated with environmental mycobacteria have yet to be developed. Mycobacteria are human and animal pathogens, causing not only tuberculosis and leprosy, but mycobacterioses of skin, soft tissues and lung. Due to their cell wall composition and their adaptability mycobacteria can survive in different habitats for years. Their immunomodulatory ability has been recognised for more than 50 years and hundreds of papers published during the last two decades have demonstrated that small chemical products derived from mycobacterial cells participate in inflammatory pathways involved the pathogenesis of important human diseases like Crohn's disease, asthma, type 1 diabetes mellitus, psoriasis, arthrosis, Blau syndrom, sarcoidosis, autism etc. Mycobacteria can influence inflammatory pathways not only as live organisms, but also by means of components derived from dead cells. Pasteurisation or cooking does not affect this ability. Hence, how many mycobacterial cells are ingested, what factors play a role concurrently, and how long the harmful effect persists become important questions. This paper presents only a short review based on selected papers about mycobacteria in water, soil, plants and air with the aim of attracting attention to this significant global problem and of making the first steps towards protection of people. Selected bibliographic references of published data from 2007 to 2012 are presented in easy-to-navigate tables.Keywords: Mycobacterium; water; soil; plant; vegetables; air; biofilm; sediment; determination; zoonoses; food safety List of abbreviations CFU = colony forming units; DGGE = denaturation gradient gel electrophoresis; IMS = immuno-magnetic separation; IS = insertion sequence; ITS = intergenic transcribed spacer; MAC = Mycobacterium avium complex; MAP/Map = Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; MTC = Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex; MWF = metal working fluids; nPCR = nested PCR; NTM = non-tuberculous mycobacteria; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; PPM = potentially pathogenic mycobacteria; qPCR = quantitative real time PCR; RFLP = restriction fragment length polymorphism

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Section: Mycobacteria In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacteria in water, soil, plants and air: a review

Hruška¹,

Kaevska²

2012

Vet. Med.

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“…embers of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) live in natural soils and water sources, commercial soils and treated water, and other human-made niches (1,2). At least some strains cause diseases in susceptible humans, including lymphadenitis in children, disseminated disease in severely immunocompromised individuals, and lung disease associated with several clinical profiles (3).…”

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Shared Mycobacterium avium Genotypes Observed among Unlinked Clinical and Environmental Isolates

Dirac

Weigel

Yakrus

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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e Our understanding of the sources of Mycobacterium avium infection is partially based on genotypic matching of pathogen isolates from cases and environmental sources. These approaches assume that genotypic identity is rare in isolates from unlinked cases or sources. To test this assumption, a high-resolution PCR-based genotyping approach, large-sequence polymorphism (LSP)-mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR), was selected and used to analyze clinical and environmental isolates of M. avium from geographically diverse sources. Among 127 clinical isolates from seven locations in North America, South America, and Europe, 42 genotypes were observed. Among 12 of these genotypes, matches were seen in isolates from apparently unlinked patients in two or more geographic locations. Six of the 12 were also observed in environmental isolates. A subset of these isolates was further analyzed by alternative strain genotyping methods, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and MIRU-VNTR, which confirmed the existence of geographically dispersed strain genotypes. These results suggest that caution should be exercised in interpreting high-resolution genotypic matches as evidence for an acquisition event.

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“…Plants or vegetables have been suspected as possible sources of food-borne mycobacterial diseases (6,8). Typing of M. avium isolates from food and patients showed the same DNA patterns (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, only a small number of studies have been concerned with food as a source of infection in humans. A study of food as the source of exposure of HIV-positive patients to mycobacteria detected mycobacteria in 7 out of 121 samples examined (6). A later study compared the genotypes of M. avium isolates from patients and foods by using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and demonstrated a link between them (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopy, Culture, and Quantitative Real-Time PCR Examination Confirm Internalization of Mycobacteria in Plants

Kaevska

Lvončík

Slaná

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bThe environment is a reservoir of nontuberculous mycobacteria and is considered a source of infection for animals and humans. Mycobacteria can persist in different types of environments for a relatively long time. We have studied their possible internalization into plant tissue through intact, as well as damaged, root systems of different types of plants grown in vitro and under field conditions. The substrate into which plants were seeded was previously contaminated with different strains of Mycobacterium avium (10 8 to 10 10 cells/g of soil) and feces from animals with paratuberculosis. We detected M. avium subsp. avium, hominissuis, and paratuberculosis in the stems and leaves of the plants by both culture and real-time quantitative PCR. The presence of mycobacteria in the plant tissues was confirmed by microscopy. The concentration of mycobacteria found inside plant tissue was several orders of magnitude lower (up to 10 4 cells/g of tissue) than the initial concentration of mycobacteria present in the culture medium or substrate. These findings led us to the hypothesis that plants may play a role in the spread and transmission of mycobacteria to other organisms in the environment.

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Isolation and Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria from Foods as Possible Exposure Sources

Cited by 35 publications

References 18 publications

Mycobacteria in water, soil, plants and air: a review

Mycobacteria in water, soil, plants and air: a review

Shared Mycobacterium avium Genotypes Observed among Unlinked Clinical and Environmental Isolates

Microscopy, Culture, and Quantitative Real-Time PCR Examination Confirm Internalization of Mycobacteria in Plants

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