Isolation and identification of a direct-acting mutagen in diesel-exhaust particulates

New Methodology for Quantifying Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Using High-Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

“…The formation, occurrence, and chemical analysis of particle-phase OPAHs are reported by Sienra (2006). OPAHs can be formed by incomplete combustion of engine exhaust (Rappaport et al 1980;Schuetzle et al 1981;Choudhury 1982;Ramdahl 1983;Strandell et al 1994). While MPAHs are often present in diesel fuel and may at times be emitted in the exhaust (Poster et al 2003) the oxidation of these MPAHs can also lead to the formation of OPAHs (Ringuet et al 2012).…”

Total Deposition of Ultrafine Hydrophobic and Hygroscopic Aerosols in the Human Respiratory System

“…These aerosols, when inhaled, have hgh deposition rates in the human respiratory system (Task Group on Lung Dynamics, 1966). Many of these aerosols are potentially hazardous to human health (Evans et al, 1981;Sinclair et al, 1977; National Academy of Science, 1972;Pierce and Katz, 1975;Rappaport et al, 1980). Studies in the past dealing with respiratory deposition of inhaled particles concentrated mostly on particles larger than 0.2 pm in diameter (Lipmann et al, 1980); very few studies addressed particles smaller than 0.2 pm in diameter.…”

Chemical analysis and biological testing of a polar fraction of ambient air, diesel engine, and gasoline engine particulate extracts.

“…Others are anthracene/phenanthrene dicarboxylic acid anhydride (mw = 248), and pyrene dicarboxylic acid anhydride (mw = 272). The latter is reported as a weak mutagen (13). Two isomers of benzofluorenone (mw = 230), are also found in this fraction.…”