Isolation and identification of a novel bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. ZyL-01, involved in the biodegradation of CL-20

Abstract

Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) is a compound with a polycyclic cage and an N-nitro group that has been shown to play an unfavorable role in environmental fate, biosafety, and physical health. The aim of this study was to isolate the microbial community and to identify a single microbial strain that can degrade CL-20 with desirable efficiency. Metagenomic sequencing methods were performed to investigate the dynamic changes in the composition of the community diversity. The most varied genus among the microbial community was Pseudomonas, which increased from 1.46% to 44.63% during the period of incubation (MC0–MC4). Furthermore, the new strain was isolated and identified from the activated sludge by bacterial morphological and 16s rRNA sequencing analyses. The CL-20 concentrations decreased by 75.21 μg/mL and 74.02 μg/mL in 48 h by MC4 and Pseudomonas sp. ZyL-01, respectively. Moreover, ZyL-01 could decompose 98% CL-20 of the real effluent in 14 day’s incubation with the glucose as carbon source. Finally, a draft genome sequence was obtained to predict possible degrading enzymes involved in the biodegradation of CL-20. Specifically, 330 genes that are involved in energy production and conversion were annotated by Gene Ontology functional enrichment analysis, and some of these candidates may encode enzymes that are responsible for CL-20 degradation. In summary, our studies indicate that microbes might be a valuable biological resource for the treatment of environmental contamination caused by CL-20 and that Pseudomonas sp. ZyL-01 might be a promising candidate for eradicating CL-20 to achieve a more biosafe environment and improve public health.

Biological Activity of Hexaazaisowurtzitane Derivatives

“…Among them, CL-20 (1) is the most wellknown representative and extensive studies have confirmed its xenobiotic nature (Figure 1). Toxicology studies investigating the effects of high doses of CL-20 on animal organisms have revealed that its negative impact, mediated through various biotransformation pathways, is mostly reversible [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Interestingly, current genetic research methods demonstrate the reversibility of the neurotoxic effects of compound 1 on Eisenia fetida [11].…”