Isolation and genetic characterization of viable Toxoplasma gondii from tissues and feces of cats from the central region of China

Yang, Yurong; Ying, Yuqing; Verma, Shiv Kumar; Cassinelli, Ana Beatriz Melles; Kwok, O. C. H.; Hongde, Liang; Pradhan, Abani K.; Zhu, Xing‐Quan; Su, Chunlei; Dubey, J. P.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.05.006

Cited by 38 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Here, only one genotype (ToxoDB#9) was identified, while typical type I, II and III lineages, which have been predominantly described in pigs in North America and Europe [6], were not found in our study. This result is similar to the results reported by other authors in studies of T. gondii parasites isolated from pigs, yaks, cats, rats, mice, Microtus fortis , waterfowl and humans in eastern China (Anhui and Jiangsu) [14, 20, 21], southern China (Guangdong, Yunnan) [10, 22, 23], central China (Henan, Hubei and Jiangxi) [10, 11, 24–27], northern China (Beijing and Jilin) [28–30] and western China (Gansu, Yunnan and Guizhou) [12, 15, 31–35]. All current and past RFLP genotyping data for T. gondii isolates from China are summarized in Table 3.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Diagnosis of Swine Toxoplasmosis by PCR and Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from pigs in Henan, Central China

et al. 2017

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Background Toxoplasma gondii, a widely prevalent protozoan parasite, causes serious toxoplasmosis infections in humans and other animals. Among livestock, pigs are susceptible to T. gondii infection. Despite Henan being one of the biggest pig-raising provinces in China, little information exists on the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in this location. Therefore, we molecularly characterized DNA samples from pigs in Henan. A total of 1647 samples, including 952 from dead piglets, 478 from seriously sick fattening pigs and 217 from abortion sows, were collected from different animal hospitals or pig farms from 10 different cities in Henan (2006–2008). Each pig corresponded to a separate pig farm. DNA was extracted from 3 to 5 g of the most severely affected pig tissue (liver, spleen, lung, hilar lymph nodes and amniotic fluid) after postmortem examination. The presence of the T. gondii B1 gene was detected using nested polymerase chain reactions (PCR). Genotyping was performed directly on DNA from the PCR-positive tissue samples using 11 PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism markers (SAG1, 5′- and 3′-SAG2, alternative SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, L358, PK1, c22–8, c29–2, and Apico).ResultsOf all samples, thirty-four were positive for the T. gondii B1 gene (2.06%, 95% CI: 1.86%–2.26%) from four cities, including 31 from NanYang city, one (PgXY 1) from Xinyang City, one (PgZZ 1) from Zhengzhou City and one (PgZK1) from Zhoukou City. The prevalence was found to be highest in piglets than in fattening pigs and sows. And the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The following 32 samples were genotyped with complete data: 13 hilar lymph node tissue samples, seven liver tissue samples, seven lung tissue samples, four spleen tissue samples, and one amniotic fluid sample. Only one genotype, belonging to ToxoDB Genotype #9, was identified.ConclusionsThis is the first large-scale survey molecularly characterizing T. gondii from pigs in Henan. The results of the present study revealed that T. gondii infection is present in swine in Henan and is a potential source of foodborne toxoplasmosis in the investigated areas. Implementation of effective control measures for T. gondii to reduce the chance of zoonotic toxoplasmosis spreading from pig farms may be warranted. The results show that the ToxoDB #9 genotype may be the dominant T. gondii lineage in mainland China. These findings strengthen the limited Chinese T. gondii epidemiology database.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Diagnosis of Swine Toxoplasmosis by PCR and Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from pigs in Henan, Central China

et al. 2017

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“…One viable T. gondii strain was isolated from cat tissues in the present study, followed by a previous report from Chinese cats (Yang et al, 2015), and this strain was designated as TgCatCHn4. Genotyping of these isolates indicated that it was of the ToxoDB genotype #9 (Chinese 1) by 10 genetic makers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…In Henan Province, the seroprevalence of T. gondii in free-range chickens was 18.9% (132/700) (Feng et al, 2016), 51.6% in cats (16/31) (Yang et al, 2015), 12.7% (99/779), and 20.7 (174/840) in domestic sheep (Zhang et al, 2016; Yang et al, 2017), 23.7% (627/2642) in pig (Wen et al, 2015), and 10.2% (20/197) in farm-reared ostriches (unpublished data). Compared to these reports, the seroprevalence of T. gondii was similar in captive felids from the same location, although only a limited number of samples were examined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 122 viable T. gondii strain have been isolated from animals and humans in China. Among these, 85 T. gondii isolates were from cats, and 73 (85.9%) T. gondii isolates were genotyped as ToxoDB#9 (Dubey et al, 2007; Yang et al, 2015, 2017; Wang et al, 2016). Combined with our results, ToxoDB#9 is the predominant strain in China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was about 50% in cats from China, and viable T. gondii strains had been isolated from tissues or fecal samples of domestic cats (Dubey et al, 2007; Zhou et al, 2009; Chen et al, 2011; Qian et al, 2012; Wang et al, 2013; Li et al, 2015; Yang et al, 2015). The epidemiological role of felids in toxoplasmosis still needs to be fully established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibody Detection, Isolation, Genotyping, and Virulence of Toxoplasma gondii in Captive Felids from China

Yang

Feng

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

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The felids are the only definitive hosts of Toxoplasma gondii, which could excrete oocysts into the environment and provide an infection source for toxoplasmosis in various warm-blooded animal species, particularly the captive felids that live close to human communities. The infection rate of the captive felids is a perfect standard in detecting the presence of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in the environment. In this study, sera or tissue samples from zoo (1 young tiger, 2 adult tigers, 6 young lions), farm (10 masked palm civets), and pet hospital (28 cats) from Henan Province (China) were collected. The sera (n = 47) were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against T. gondii by using modified agglutination test (MAT), whereas the hearts tissue (n = 40) were bioassayed in mice to isolate T. gondii strains. The genotype was distinguished by using PCR-RFLP of 10 loci (SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, GRA6, BTUB, L358, c22-8, PK1, c29-2, and Apico). The detection rate for the T. gondii antibody in captive felids was 21.3% (10/47). One viable T. gondii strain (TgCatCHn4) was obtained from a cat heart tissue, and its genotype was ToxoDB#9. The oocysts of ToxoDB#9 were collected from a T. gondii-free cat. The virulence of TgCatCHn4 was low and no cysts were detected in the brain of mice at 60 days post-inoculation. The finding of the present study suggested a widespread exposure of T. gondii for felids in Henan Province of central China, particularly those from the zoological gardens and homes. ToxoDB#9 was the predominant strain in China. Preventive measures against T. gondii oocyst contamination of various components of the environment should thus be implemented, including providing pre-frozen meat, well-cooked cat food, cleaned fruits and vegetables, monitoring birds and rodents, inactive T. gondii oocysts in felids feces, and proper hygiene.

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Toxoplasmosis: Prevalence and New Detection Methods

2018

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Isolation and genetic characterization of viable Toxoplasma gondii from tissues and feces of cats from the central region of China

Cited by 38 publications

References 19 publications

Diagnosis of Swine Toxoplasmosis by PCR and Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from pigs in Henan, Central China

Diagnosis of Swine Toxoplasmosis by PCR and Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from pigs in Henan, Central China

Antibody Detection, Isolation, Genotyping, and Virulence of Toxoplasma gondii in Captive Felids from China

Toxoplasmosis: Prevalence and New Detection Methods

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